186,655 research outputs found
Stack v Dowden [2007] UKHL 17, House of Lords
No full textEssential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Stack v Dowden [2007] UKHL 17, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.</p
Synthetic receptors for peptidic guests
No full textThis thesis describes variations on a simple box shaped design, featuring a carboxylic acid or carboxylate binding site and amide side walls that offer stabilisation and selectivity in the binding of peptidic guests, while rigid aromatic spacers hold open the binding cavity.Receptor 1 features a simple achiral amide side wall and crown ether functionality that binds to potassium carboxylate salts. The attempted synthesis of 1 by amide bond forming macrocyclisation is described. Carboxylic acids bind to the diamidopyridine functionality of 2 while the chiral side wall offers enantioselectivity. The homochiral synthesis of 2 by amide bond forming macrocyclisation is described. Receptor 2 was shown to be a suitable receptor for peptidic guests. Its selectivity for dipeptides and for L- enantiomers was observed. This clearly demonstrated the role of the amide side wall in selective binding. The design of 3 adjusts the side wall functionality, offering different solubility, selectivity and the possibility of facile derivatisation of the macrocycle in the future. Attempts to synthesise 3 and the side reactions that prevented its formation are described. (Fig 13203)</p
Determining the size of lightning-induced electron precipitation patches
No full text[1] We analyze Trimpi signatures during 23 and 24 April 1994 at four sites on or near the Antarctic Peninsula (Palmer, Faraday, Rothera, and Halley) on subionospheric VLF signals received from four U. S. naval transmitters (NAA, NSS, NLK, and NPM). Electron precipitation patches are found to be large, i.e., similar to1500 km x 600 km, with the longer axis orientated east-west. Calculations using a three-dimensional Born scattering model, where patch densities are 1.5 electrons cm(-3) above ambient at the center at similar to84 km altitude, provides results that are consistent with this picture. A high proportion (38%) of the Trimpi events were associated with strong lightning flashes in eastern United States. When lightning discharges had currents >65 kA (positive or negative), there was a >80% chance of seeing an associated Trimpi event. The chance of seeing any Trimpi events fell to near zero for discharges of <45 kA. The largest Trimpi perturbations occur when the center of the precipitation patch is 700-800 km from the receivers. This result is consistent with the modeling calculations for large patches. The equatorward edge of the precipitation patch was estimated to be at &SIM;60&DEG;S, close to the magnetic conjugate of the lightning. The close association of the equatorward edge of the precipitation patch with the conjugate location of the causative lightning is consistent with a quasi-ducted whistler-induced precipitation mechanism. Nonducted whistler-induced precipitation mechanisms would predict a 5&DEG;-10&DEG; latitudinal gap between the lightning and the equatorward edge of the patch. However, the lack of observed whistlers at the time of the Trimpi events is consistent with the nonducted whistler mechanism and is not consistent with the quasi-ducted mechanism, although the distances from duct exit point to receiver may have been too large (&SIM;700-1000 km) for the signals to be detectable. Using the significantly larger patch dimensions determined in this study, it is estimated that lightning may well be 10-100 times more effective at depleting the radiation belts than hiss
Stephen D. Dowden and Thomas P. Quinn, eds. Tragedy and the Tragic in German Literature, Art and Thought. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014.
No full textReview of Stephen D. Dowden and Thomas P. Quinn, eds. Tragedy and the Tragic in German Literature, Art and Thought. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Stamped National Socialist Passport Issued to a Jew Attempting to Escape Germany to South America via the United Kingdom; Visa Signed by Diplomat Hero Arthur Dowden
No full text32 page passport issued to Karl Darmstadter, photograph stapled to top left corner of page 2, multiple stamps and hand stamps throughout.
Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:
1938 German passport (Reisepass) with the letter ‘J’ stamped on first page, belonging to Mr. Karl Darmstadter, a 43-year-old Jewish businessman in Frankfurt-am-Main attempting to escape escalating racial persecution in Germany. The passport bears stamps and signatures revealing the efforts made by Mr. Darmstadter in 1938 to leave Germany for Valpariso, Chile with transit visas; stamps of approval by a Frankfurt bank and by police; stamps of the French consulate (travel permit); stamps of the Chilean consulate in Hamburg with Consul Cesareo Alvarez de la Rivera’s signature from October 1938; the signature of Arthur Dowden (p.14) on Darmstadter’s temporary transit visa from the United Kingdom to Valpariso, Chile; and a final pass stamp to Chile.
Arthur Dowden signed Darmstadter’s temporary visa to the United Kingdom less than one month before the Kristallnacht pogrom, enabling Darmstadter to leave Germany before this watershed moment throughout Germany and Austria in which thousands of Jews were swept up into the Nazi maelstrom. However, Dowden and Consul General Robert Smallbones - Dowden’s superior - would not be cowed by the Gestapo and would find ways to support Jews’ efforts to find sanctuary in other countries as well as helping them as best they could with the impositions placed upon them by the Nazi administration in Frankfurt. For example, they would allow Jews refuge in the consulate as they ran from unprovoked attacks by SA thugs. Or they famously delivered food in consular vehicles to the apartments of Frankfurt Jews after curfews were imposed that would not permit them to shop for their own groceries. Monumental efforts were made by Smallbones and Dowden to help Jews emigrate from Germany to the UK and even Mandatory Palestine. They were even willing to break regulations for issuing visas when the candidates themselves did not meet the necessary criteria.
Dowden would remain at his post until Britain declared war on Germany for attacking Poland in September 1939.
Both Smallbones and Dowden were awarded the British Hero of the Holocaust Medal for their extraordinary acts of courage and self-sacrifice rescuing Jews.
Both Dowden and Smallbones were classified as “enemies of the state” by the Nazis, and placed on a list of those who were to be arrested after the “successful” invasion and occupation of Great Britain.https://digital.kenyon.edu/bulmash/2866/thumbnail.jp
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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