221 research outputs found
Alternative fuels and aftertreatment systems for low emissions engines
Get PDFThis research provides an understanding of the synergies between the combustion of bio-oxygenated fuels and thermal management of the aftertreatment systems for the control of diesel gaseous and particulate matter emissions.
Blends of diesel with bio-alcohols and a bio-ketone with different molecular structure including butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol and cyclopentanone proved to be promising alternative fuels in terms of energy density, viscosity, lubricity, tribological mechanisms, combustion behaviour and emissions reduction. Using bio-oxygenated fuels with a higher polarity (mainly cyclic compounds) resulted in lower wear scar size by up to 38%, compared to the diesel baseline, during the lubricity test. Engine-out hydrocarbons and particulate matter emissions were lower by up to 37% and 91%, respectively. The modified exhaust gas composition from the combustion of the aforementioned oxygenated fuel blends, improved the catalyst oxidation reactions, and light-off was achieved at lower exhaust gas temperatures.
Furthermore, an active control strategy of heating the aftertreatment system was studied. Due to reduced catalyst light-off temperature when using the alternative fuels for combustion, e.g. by up to 26 °C for CO, a lower heater energy input was required for the catalytic light-off when compared to diesel combustion only. Importantly, modifying the exhaust gas composition of the diesel baseline by adding 500 ppm of H2 gas upstream of the catalyst decreased the CO light-off temperature by approximately 50 °C
Time, torture and Manus island: an interview with Behrouz Boochani and Omid Tofigian
Get PDFFormer asylum seeker detainee and journalist Behrouz Boochani (author of No Friend but the Mountains) and his collaborator Omid Tofighian speak about the experience of indefinite incarceration on Australia’s Manus Island and the psychological toll of waiting. They compare this form of detention to prison and the existential impact to torture. This Kyriarchal System, they argue, strips the individual of identity and humanity and they explain how such a system can perhaps be better questioned through the poetic fiction that Boochani has used in his path-breaking narrative than to appeal to dry rational facts and figures
Alternative fuels and aftertreatment systems for low emissions engines
No full textThis research provides an understanding of the synergies between the combustion of bio-oxygenated fuels and thermal management of the aftertreatment systems for the control of diesel gaseous and particulate matter emissions.Blends of diesel with bio-alcohols and a bio-ketone with different molecular structure including butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol and cyclopentanone proved to be promising alternative fuels in terms of energy density, viscosity, lubricity, tribological mechanisms, combustion behaviour and emissions reduction. Using bio-oxygenated fuels with a higher polarity (mainly cyclic compounds) resulted in lower wear scar size by up to 38%, compared to the diesel baseline, during the lubricity test. Engine-out hydrocarbons and particulate matter emissions were lower by up to 37% and 91%, respectively. The modified exhaust gas composition from the combustion of the aforementioned oxygenated fuel blends, improved the catalyst oxidation reactions, and light-off was achieved at lower exhaust gas temperatures.Furthermore, an active control strategy of heating the aftertreatment system was studied. Due to reduced catalyst light-off temperature when using the alternative fuels for combustion, e.g. by up to 26 °C for CO, a lower heater energy input was required for the catalytic light-off when compared to diesel combustion only. Importantly, modifying the exhaust gas composition of the diesel baseline by adding 500 ppm of H2 gas upstream of the catalyst decreased the CO light-off temperature by approximately 50 °C
Alternative fuels and aftertreatment systems for low emissions engines
No full textThis research provides an understanding of the synergies between the combustion of bio-oxygenated fuels and thermal management of the aftertreatment systems for the control of diesel gaseous and particulate matter emissions.Blends of diesel with bio-alcohols and a bio-ketone with different molecular structure including butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol and cyclopentanone proved to be promising alternative fuels in terms of energy density, viscosity, lubricity, tribological mechanisms, combustion behaviour and emissions reduction. Using bio-oxygenated fuels with a higher polarity (mainly cyclic compounds) resulted in lower wear scar size by up to 38%, compared to the diesel baseline, during the lubricity test. Engine-out hydrocarbons and particulate matter emissions were lower by up to 37% and 91%, respectively. The modified exhaust gas composition from the combustion of the aforementioned oxygenated fuel blends, improved the catalyst oxidation reactions, and light-off was achieved at lower exhaust gas temperatures.Furthermore, an active control strategy of heating the aftertreatment system was studied. Due to reduced catalyst light-off temperature when using the alternative fuels for combustion, e.g. by up to 26 °C for CO, a lower heater energy input was required for the catalytic light-off when compared to diesel combustion only. Importantly, modifying the exhaust gas composition of the diesel baseline by adding 500 ppm of H2 gas upstream of the catalyst decreased the CO light-off temperature by approximately 50 °C
Diverging author/translator interventions in the Dutch, French and US translations of the Cuban novel Tres tristes tigres: some explanatory factors
Get PDFThe conditions in which the Cuban novel Tres tristes tigres (Cabrera Infante 1967) was translated into French, English and Dutch were very different, particularly as regards (1) the type of collaboration between the original author and the translators and (2) the publication dates of these translations. In this respect, the French and the US English translations are very similar: both Trois tristes tigres and Three Trapped Tigers were realized in collaboration with the author and both were published in the target cultures shortly after the original (1970 and 1971 respectively). The making of the Dutch translation, on the other hand, is very different: Drie trieste tijgers was published for the first time in 1997 (with a revision in 2002) and was realized without virtually any sort of collaboration between the author and the Dutch translators Fred de Vries and Tessa Zeiler. In the light of these data, it was expected that the collaboration between the author and the French and American translators (Albert Bensoussan and Suzanne Jill Levine respectively), as well as the proximity of the publication dates would affect the textual features of the translations. More precisely, it was expected that the French and US translations would be comparable and that these two would show substantial differences compared to the Dutch one. These initial assumptions were verified on the basis of three stylistic features, selected because they enforce decision-making processes on the translators: (a) intralingual speech variety, (b) (monolingual) language play and (c) intertextual irony. The initial assumption, though, was not corroborated. In fact, for two of the three categories analyzed, similarities were observed not between the US and French translations but between the US and Dutch translations. We will briefly exemplify these data and then explore clarifying factors beyond the two conditions privileged initially. These explanatory elements are organized in a framework that draws on two of Bourdieu’s key concepts (capital and field) but also includes data gathered by ethnographical modes of inquiry that enrich the predominantly relational focus of Bourdieu’s concepts as used in TS. We focus on (1) the cultural and social capital of the different translators and their position in their respective literary fields, (2) the author’s opinion regarding translation as an unlimited creation, and his unequal attitude towards the target cultures and languages involved and (3) the translators’ poetics (including the translators’ stance towards language, their own (in)visibility and the author’s intention and original creation)
Correction: Corrigendum: Wafer-scale two-dimensional semiconductors from printed oxide skin of liquid metals
Get PDFNature Communications 8: Article number: 14482; published: 17 February 2017; Updated: 22 March 2017 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Omid Kavehei, which was incorrectly given as Omid Kevehei. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Is there fame bias in editorial choice?
No full textNature’s Correspondence items are reviewed only by the editors (see go.nature.com/cmchno). To investigate whether editorial bias towards internationally renowned correspondents might be at play in selecting candidates for publication, we analysed the scientific status
of Correspondence authors published in 2014.
We used the following pointers to gauge author reputation: faculty member in one of the world’s top 100 universities
(as listed in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings; see go.nature. com/bhgfxd); authorship of Nature or Science publications; high h index. We classed correspondents as established scholars if they fulfilled any or all of these criteria.
The number of letters published in Correspondence
in 2014 was 239, each with
one ‘corresponding author’ responsible for submission and communication with the editors. We found that 54% of these authors met some or all of our criteria. Some 13% of authors came from the developing world.
Within the limitations of our ‘fame factors’ (for example, some correspondents were well known but from outside academia)
and of sampling only the corresponding authors, we infer that scientific celebrity does not notably influence the selection of Correspondence for publication
Compiling contextualized lists of frequent vocabulary from user- supplied corpora using natural language processing techniques
Get PDFSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Omid Abdar, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-14 at 15:51.The student, Omid Abdar, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-14 at 16:00.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-15 at 17:00.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9948 on 2016-11-10 at 12:20:49Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
ABDAR-THESIS-2016.pdf: 1388826 bytes, checksum: a5d95839aa608a1b9f4e3bbd7c996971 (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4207 bytes, checksum: 4d43d26be895d9ee373421263076a266 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-07-15Since there are thousands of words to learn in a new language, one common challenge for language learners and teachers is knowing which vocabulary items to prioritize over the others and, in general, setting vocabulary-learning goals. Within vocabulary teaching research, one approach has been to focus on lists of the most common vocabulary. West (1953) proposed a list of the 2000 most frequent word families in English that, it was argued, were most important for learners to master. Along the same lines, Coxhead (2000) offered a list of the most common words in academic English known as the Academic Word List (AWL). Arguing that AWL did not adequately reflect the learners’ specialized vocabulary needs, however, corpus linguists began to develop wordlists in specialized subject areas with an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) perspective for students in Business, Engineering, Medical, and Law majors and so on.
A central theme in almost all previous endeavors to develop better wordlists has been the notion of 'representativeness'—the extent to which a wordlist 'represents' the language needs of leaners. In this study, it is proposed that an alternative way to maximize representativeness in a wordlist is to enable users to compile a wordlist from any text or corpus that is of interest to them and to provide the means of compiling a wordlist using that text. Using Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK), this study shows how a few Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques may be used to compile a list of the most common words in the Europarl corpus along with retrieving example sentences from the corpus for each word. This new approach can have applications for both language leaners as well as for the purposes of preparing instructional materials in an ESP setting.Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95375
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:28:02Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 95375 on 2018-11-11T10:15:32Z
Corrigendum: Wafer-scale two-dimensional semiconductors from printed oxide skin of liquid metals.
Get PDFNature Communications 8: Article number: 14482; published: 17 February 2017; Updated: 22 March 2017 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Omid Kavehei, which was incorrectly given as Omid Kevehei. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Textile Recycling and Recovery:An Eco-friendly Perspective on Textile and Garment Industries Challenges
Get PDFThe world has been facing a growing crisis in textile waste due to global population growth and improved living conditions, combined with a decrease in the life cycles of textile products. Textile recycling is one of the key aspects for reducing the massive waste problem generated by the fashion and textile industries. Despite the need to develop textile waste recycling industries, acceptable practical interim measures still need to be taken. Textile waste can affect people’s lives economically and environmentally. Producing apparel from natural or synthetic origin can produce pollutants and waste at each stage. In this review article, the effects of the fashion and textile industry have been studied from economic and environmental perspectives. The available technologies and methods for waste recovery and recycling at each stage have been studied, and the uses of products after recycling have been systematically investigated. Despite all the progress made in the waste recycling processes of the fashion industry, many deficiencies and challenges still need to be addressed. Among the most critical challenges are the large scale of industries, the problems of collecting and classifying waste materials, and the presence of contaminants including blends and chemicals. There is also need for more awareness among consumers about the importance of fiber-to-fiber recycling processes, because to date the progress in this field is out of proportion to its necessity. Overall, this article is a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the current state of recycling and recovery in the textiles, garment, and fashion industries
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