124,807 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Image-based Approach to Reconstruct Curling in Continuum Structures
No full textThis paper proposes an image-based approach to reconstruct the shape of continuum biological (e.g., tendrils of climbing plants) and artificial (continuum soft robots) structures which can deform into coils or curls with variable curvature that depends on the arc length. The proposed method is based on 2D clothoid curves, for which we explore two resolution approaches: i) single-segment clothoid representation, with optimal curve parameters search; ii) piece-wise clothoid representation, with G 1 Hermite-fitting solution. Besides, we propose a novel algorithm to sort 2D unarranged points that addresses the issue of possible undesired branches and discontinuities. We numerically evaluate the performance of the method and compare it with a constant curvature fitting. We obtain an improvement of more than 100% in tendril and up to 5% with a soft continuum robotic artefact, demonstrating the feasibility and the reliability of our approach. The proposed model can be applied for shape representation and reconstruction on both long slender living organisms and continuum soft robots with curling-like behavior
IL GIUDICE, IL DOTTORE, IL COMPARATISTA NELLA COMUNICAZIONE UNIVERSALE
No full textNel saggio si esamina il ruolo assunto dal Giudice, dal Dottore e dal Comparatista nella comunicazione universale, sulla base del contributo scientifico che in questi ultimi decenni è stato offerto alla scienza comparatistica da Antonio Gambaro. Se, da un lato, il divieto apparente e formale delle Corti di citare esplicitamente la dottrina – anacronistica eredità della tradizione post-illuministica – appare essere un crittotipo, del tutto disatteso nella sostanza, che è osservato soltanto in alcuni paesi euro-continentali (Francia e Italia, ad es.) e che, oltre a rivelarsi del tutto marginale nel panorama planetario, rischia di limitare ingiustificatamente il diritto di difesa. Dall’altro, la circolazione, oramai universale, che involge l’opera del Giudice, del Dottore e del Comparatista non può prescindere da una molteplicità di fattori che caratterizzano ciascuna tradizione giuridica. Così, l’impatto della dottrina sulle Corti di vertice può essere misurato sulla base non soltanto della prioritaria ed evidente distinzione tra le Corti che citano o che non citano esplicitamente la letteratura giuridica (e della conseguente partizione tra “dialoghi espressi” e “dialoghi muti”), o di una serie di varianti che riguardano le fonti, la loro gerarchia e i metodi interpretativi, ma anche dello stile che le sentenze e le varie forme letterarie assumono, reciprocamente, nelle diverse esperienze giuridiche. In questo contesto sempre più trans-nazionale l’opera del Comparatista assolve quanto meno a due diverse funzioni. La prima, non esclusiva, anche perché concorrente con quella del Dottore che ha esaminato dati giuridici appartenenti ad un diritto straniero, è assolta allorché diviene, inconsapevolmente, la fonte mediata del trapianto effettuato dal Giudice, attraverso i contributi che, negli anni, ha dedicato ad un determinato tema. Però, le opere comparative dovrebbero interagire con la giurisprudenza «non già rifornendola di regole di decisione», ma «suggerendo paradigmi di ragionamento giuridico mediante i quali affrontare i problemi che l’evoluzione umana sempre rinnova». Da qui una «funzione propulsiva» e un «uso dialettico o problematico» della comparazione che, più che assurgere a fonte diretta di diritto, svolge il compito di offrire alla giurisprudenza modelli di ragionamento giuridico, di arricchire la prospettiva ermeneutica dell’interprete con argomenti e idee da utilizzare nella ricerca della soluzione giuridica. La seconda funzione, più essenziale ed esclusiva, cui deve assolvere il comparatista è quella del controllo e della verifica dell’argomento “comparativo” il quale, anche se correttamente utilizzato dal Giudice nel suo aspetto formale, deve essere sempre “contestualizzato” mediante un raffronto che involge, sul piano storico e sistematico, l’ordinamento d’origine e quello recipiente. Proprio il crescente ricorso, da parte della giurisprudenza delle Corti Supreme, all’informazione comparativa, più che alla comparazione sistematica, induce l’Autore ad esaminare partitamente quelle ipotesi maggiormente significative che la nostra giurisprudenza ha recepito da dottrine giuridiche straniere (per il tramite di un Dottore o di un Comparatista indigeno), anche allo scopo di verificare la correttezza sintattica del trapianto, sulla base dalle caratteristiche storiche e morfologiche che caratterizzano, fisionomicamente, ciascuna esperienza giuridica
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
HyLength: a semi-automated digital image analysis tool for measuring the length of roots and fungal hyphae of dense mycelia
No full textIn plant-fungus phenotyping, determining fungal hyphal and plant root lengths by digital image analysis can reduce labour and increase data reproducibility. However, the degree of software sophistication is often prohibitive and manual measuring is still used, despite being very time-consuming. We developed the HyLength tool for measuring the lengths of hyphae and roots in in vivo and in vitro systems. The HyLength was successfully validated against manual measures of roots and fungal hyphae obtained from all systems. Compared with manual methods, the HyLength underestimated Medicago sativa roots in the in vivo system and Rhizophagus irregularis hyphae in the in vitro system by about 12 cm per m and allowed to save about 1 h for a single experimental unit. As regards hyphae of R. irregularis in the in vivo system, the HyLength overestimated the length by about 21 cm per m compared with manual measures, but time saving was up to 20.5 h per single experimental unit. Finally, with hyphae of Aspergillus oryzae, the underestimation was about 8 cm per m with a time saving of about 10 min for a single germinating spore. By benchmarking the HyLength against the AnaMorf plugin of the ImageJ/Fiji, we found that the HyLength performed better for dense fungal hyphae, also strongly reducing the measuring time. The HyLength can allow measuring the length over a whole experimental unit, eliminating the error due to sub-area selection by the user and allowing processing a high number of samples. Therefore, we propose the HyLength as a useful freeware tool for measuring fungal hyphae of dense mycelia
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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