131,735 research outputs found
Associations between substance use and teen dating violence perpetration in adolescents
No full textThis study uses a short-term longitudinal design to examine the association between substance use and teen dating violence perpetration over time. This research also examines conflict resolution style to assess for any buffering effects that could occur. The models are analyzed across gender to determine if any differences exist between boys and girls in the sample. These relations are examined using longitudinal data collected at two time points over a period of a year in a diverse (51.2% female, 68.7% Nonwhite, 31.3% White) high school sample of 1,621 adolescents. Multiple regression analyses did yield a significant association between substance use (i.e., alcohol use, binge alcohol use, and addictive drug use reported in the last 30 days) and physical/threatening, verbal, and relational teen dating violence perpetration for both males and females. A Wald chi-square test is posited for these associations to determine if the effects of the various substance use variables on each form of TDV perpetration are significantly different for males and females; data is then examined using multiple group analysis varied by gender. Results show that the effects of alcohol and binge drinking on physical/threatening TDV perpetration are significantly higher for males than females, whereas the effects of addictive substance use on physical/threatening TDV perpetration are significantly higher for females than males. Results also show that the effects of alcohol, binge drinking, and addictive substance use on verbal TDV perpetration are significantly higher for females than for males. Problem solving interaction style was added into the model to test any buffering effects on the relationship between substance use and TDV perpetration. Results indicate that problem solving conflict resolution style did not significantly change the association found between reported substance use and the amount of TDV perpetration reported. The implications of these findings and potential future directions for prevention are discussed.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Namrata Doshi, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-11 at 18:03.The student, Namrata Doshi, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-07-11 at 18:22.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-07-14 at 09:08.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11411 on 2018-03-02 at 13:01:35Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T19:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-14Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105046
Lift date: 2020-03-02T19:59:52Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105046
Lift date: 2020-03-02T20:02:46Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105046 on 2020-03-03T10:15:32Z
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Lost in the Stacks
No full textCharlie Bennett and Ameet Doshi, host of Lost in the Stacks the World's only Research Library Rock & Roll Radio Show on WREK join us to discuss new ways to get people engaged in the modern library. As the internet makes books and journals more accessible on-line, people are now visiting the library for information needs unheard of 20 years ago
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Definition and Measurement
No full textSecondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is diagnosed retrospectively and involves a clinical course characterized by a progressive accumulation of neurological disability, independent of relapses, following an initial relapsing–remitting (RR) phase. Our incomplete understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) may explain why, to date, there is no definitive imaging or laboratory test that is able to inform us when the disease is clearly entering into a progressive phase and why the vast majority of clinical trials testing immunosuppressant and immunomodulating drugs in SPMS patients has so far yielded disappointing or mixed results. Here we discuss the definition(s) of SPMS and how it may vary, outcome measurements (current and emerging) and modern trial design
Rush Doshi: The Long Game. China’s Grand Strategy to Displace American Order. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, 459 Seiten
No full textRush Doshi (PhD der Princeton Universität) hat ein gewichtiges Buch zu Chinas strategischem Denken und Handeln vorgelegt. Die Quellengrundlage besteht aus chinesischen Originaldokumenten. Der Inhalt des Buches gewinnt dadurch besondere Bedeutung, dass der Autor im National Security Council des Weißen Hauses seit dem Amtsantritt Joe Bidens für die strategische Ausrichtung der amerikanischen China-Politik verantwortlich ist. Bemerkenswert ist gleichzeitig, dass er fest in ein Netzwerk von Experten integriert ist, zu denen u. a. Elbridge Colby, Wess Mitchell und Hal Brands gehören
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Functionalized organoboron polymers and supramolecular structures of pentafluorophenylcopper:
No full textThis thesis is divided into four different parts. The first three chapters discuss the development of synthetic routes to new boron containing polymers for their potential use as supported borane reagents (Ch. 1.) and photoluminescent materials (Ch. 2. and Ch. 3.). The last chapter (Ch. 4.) discusses the formation of supramolecular structures of pentafluorophenylcopper upon complexation with pyridine nucleophiles and electron rich aromatic π-systems. The individual research projects are briefly summarized in the following.
Ch. 1. The functionalization of synthetic polymers with organoborane moieties has been extensively studied for applications as supported catalysts, sensors, stimuli responsive polymers, flame retardants, preceramic materials, and as intermediates for the preparation of other functional organic polymers. A polystyrene derivative in which the para-positions of the phenyl rings are selectively functionalized with BH2 moieties (PS-BH2) has been prepared from poly(4-trimethylsilyl styrene). The polymer was successfully isolated in the form of its polymeric acid-base complexes PS-BH2•D (D = tBuPy, PPh2Me). The selective and nearly quantitative placement of the BH2 functionalities was confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. Their thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.
Ch. 2. Boron containing water soluble polymers could find a variety of applications as polyelectrolytes, for anion recognition in aqueous media and in various biological fields. We have previously shown that polystyrene based side chain functionalized triarylborane polymers can be employed as sensors for the recognition of cyanide and fluoride in organic media. Here we have persued the synthesis of polystyrene that bears Lewis acidic boron centers and dimethylamino-functionalized mesityl groups in the side chain. Attachment of these mesityl groups to the boron center has been realized by the use of boron-silicon exchange, followed by the replacement of the bromine on boron by suitable Grignard reagents. The polymers and model compounds show interesting photophysical properties and have the potential to be applied for anion sensing in aqueous media.
Ch. 3. Main chain organoboron conjugated polymers have been established as an important class of materials due to their unusual optoelectronic properties. This behavior arises as a result of overlap between the empty p-orbital on boron and the conjugated π-system. The hydroboration polymerization and in situ Grignard synthesis have been employed for the preparation of such polymers. Here we have synthesized boron-functionalized distyryl monomers, which can be polymerized via ADMET polymerization. All monomers and ADMET products were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Moderate to high molecular weights in the range of 5,000-10,000 have been obtained. Photophysical data show that polymer emits in the blue-green region.
Ch. 4. Treatment of organocopper species with strongly coordinating ligands is known to lead to break-down of the aggregated structures. One such example is the 1:1 complex of pentafluorophenylcopper with pyridine. The monomeric pyridine adduct shows an intriguing supramolecular structure governed by cuprophilic interactions. This complex was also found to display strong blue luminescence in the solid state at room temperature. To further examine the structural and photophysical properties of this new class of complexes, the pentafluorophenylcopper tetramer was treated with different substituted pyridine ligands. The coordination of these ligands to copper was confirmed by 1H, 19F, 13C NMR spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography and elemental analysis.
Treatment of pentafluorophenylcopper with π-bases such as bithiophene, naphthalene anthracene or pyrene lead to novel luminescent supramolecular structures that feature the intact organocopper aggregate as the building block. Formation of bis-adducts with two equivalents of arenes was realized and the formation of sandwich-like structures of the intact tetramer and the corresponding arene was observed via single crystal x-ray analyses. Interestingly, the 1:1 complexes form extended binary stacks in the solid state, where the intact tetramer alternates with the arene.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Ami P. Dosh
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