1,720,976 research outputs found
The wind that dries up the land : war, power and slavery on the southern African Highveld c.1500-1800
No full text
From Slavery to Indenture: Race and Culture Amongst Indians in French Colonial Plantation Societies, 1750-1888
Get PDFThis thesis examines the transition from slavery to indenture in the French plantation islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. It considers how the lived experience of Indian indentured workers was shaped by racial ideologies and structures, and how these migrant communities in turn reshaped the societies of the three islands in the nineteenth century. Contrasts and comparisons are made between, on the one hand, Guadeloupe and Martinique, where before the first indentured workers arrived in the 1850s no Indians had ever set foot, and, on the other hand, Réunion, where a history of free and forced migration from India predated France’s abolition of slavery in 1848. Chapter One examines French images of enslaved Indians in the Indian Ocean during the advent of Enlightenment racial theories and how race came to determine the parameters of freedom and enslavement in Réunion. Chapter Two charts the path to abolition in the French Caribbean, examining the legislation policing interactions between different racial groups in the eighteenth century and the social upheaval that grew as abolitionism and resistance by enslaved groups mounted in the first half of the nineteenth. Chapter Three turns to India, addressing how and why French planters and officials began to source labour from the subcontinent and what led Indian men and women to become indentured migrants. Chapter Four explores migrants’ journeys, which marked the beginning of their interaction with agents of the French colonial empire and with each other. Chapter Five returns to Réunion, considering how the regime of indenture served to reverse previous stereotypes of enslaved Indians and how the established Indian presence facilitated social mobility within the expanded migrant community and the assertion of their cultural imprint onto the island. Chapter Six examines how both French colonial administrations and formerly enslaved communities in the Caribbean perceived Indians and how in turn the migrants forged new forms of culture and collective identity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
War People: A Cultural History of Violence among the Fante Asafo
Get PDFThis thesis examines the asafo company system, a paramilitary organisation indigenous to the Fante-speaking communities of the Gold Coast, now south-central Ghana. The asafo emerged to protect coastal towns from external threats in a period of political turmoil during the eighteenth century. Yet their cultural significance continued long after this period had ended. Although the asafo’s formal military role was prohibited under the growth of British colonial rule, members engaged in frequent episodes of violence until the mid-twentieth century. The thesis explores the activities of the Fante asafo from its origin in the eighteenth century until the twilight of British colonialism in the mid-twentieth century, with a particular emphasis on the final hundred years of this chronology. It interrogates the social identities integral to asafo companies by exploring the contexts within which violence erupted and the ways in which it was instrumentalised, historicized and remembered. It is argued that the military character so fundamental to the asafo at its inception propelled the institution forward even in the face of substantial political change. The company system’s expansion into spheres which were not essentially military - the aesthetic, the spiritual and the social - allowed for the continuation of a warrior culture into the twentieth century. The thesis is organised along broadly thematic lines. Chapter One grounds the Fante asafo in the broader military culture of the Gold Coast. Chapter Two analyses the ways in which violence was memorialised and perpetuated through material culture and language. Chapter Three unpacks asafo cosmologies, emphasising the intersection between spirituality and violence. Chapter Four explores gendered and embodied notions of asafo identity. Finally, Chapter Five examines the role of place-making and attempts to regulate the physical landscape both by asafo members and by the British colonial officials
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
