1,721,132 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Quantifying the reduction in sexual transmission of HIV-1 among MSM by early initiation of ART: A mathematical model.
Full text linkBackgroundWe analyzed the effect of time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) after diagnosis on the probability of HIV-1 transmission events (HIV-TE) in naïve HIV-1-infected men having sex with men (MSM).SettingMathematical model.MethodsWe used discrete event simulation modeling to estimate the probability of HIV-TE in the first 8 weeks after ART initiation; we varied ART initiation from D0 to D28 after simulated "diagnosis". The model inputs used sexual behavior parameters from the MSM population of the START trial, and transmission rates per-sex act and HIV-1 RNA from recent meta-analyses. HIV-1 RNA decay curves were modeled from the databases of Single (efavirenz [EFV] v dolutegravir [DTG]), Spring-2 (raltegravir [RAL] v DTG), and Flamingo (darunavir/ritonavir [DRVr] v DTG) trials.ResultsWe found that the number of HIV-TE per index patient in the first 8 weeks after ART initiation increased linearly for same-day ART to initiation on day 28. Small but statistically significant advantages of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) over EFV and DRVr were found.ConclusionsRapid, if not same-day initiation of INSTI-based ART to newly diagnosed HIV-infected MSM has the potential for substantial public health benefits related to decreases in HIV-TE
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Comparison of Methods of Estimation for Binary Outcomes in Paired Cluster Randomized Trials
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2024The randomized controlled trial is often considered the “gold standard” for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments. However, when individuals are naturally aggregated into groups (e.g., families, clinics, schools) it can be challenging to allocate individuals within the same group to different treatments. To fix this, Cluster Randomized Trials (CRTs) have widely been applied in various fields. Additionally, by matching clusters in CRTs, between-cluster variation can be reduced, which increases the precision of estimation of the treatment effect. The objective of this thesis is to compare different methods in estimating the treatment effect for paired CRTs via a series of simulations, including Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and two-stage analysis. The simulation results indicate that REML and ML provide unbiased estimation overall. However, REML demonstrates better performance than ML in estimating standard error and in controlling the type I error. Additionally, the two-stage analysis is more robust in maintaining the type I error rate, suggesting that it may be a good choice for controlling the type I error for large cluster size
Understanding the influence of Socio-ecological Factors on Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Africa
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2022University of Washington Abstract Understanding the influence of Socio-ecological Factors on Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Africa Geetha Beauchamp Co-Chairs of Supervisory Committee:Kwun Chan, and Deborah Donnell
Department of Health Systems and Population Health African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) have one of the highest global HIV incidence rates despite increased access to highly effective oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention, HIV testing, and linkage-to-care/viral suppression among men. Inconsistent PrEP adherence undermines PrEP benefits for AGYW. Qualitative research suggests that barriers to PrEP adherence include fear of disclosure of PrEP use, stigma, provider distrust, and poor social support. A reliable tool for predicting AGYW’s “PrEP readiness” would help identify who could benefit from greater PrEP adherence support. An improved understanding of the pathways affecting AGYW’s adherence is crucial to advancing adherence strategies. This research used data from the open-label HPTN 082 study conducted among AGYW (ages16-25 years) in South Africa and Zimbabwe. The HIV Prevention Readiness Measure (HPRM) questionnaire was adapted from the validated HIV Treatment Readiness Measure, which predicted viral suppression in HIV-positive youth in the U.S. The HPRM was administered to HPTN 082 participants at enrollment and again three months later. The aims of this research were to 1) evaluate the psychometric properties and the utility of the HPRM to predict PrEP adherence; 2) investigate the association between PrEP disclosure and adherence and whether it was moderated by social support and mediated through PrEP support; and 3) assess whether mistrust in the study team was associated with discordance between patient-reported PrEP adherence and an objective biomarker of PrEP adherence, intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate drug concentrations. The findings were: 1) overall HPRM score and the three subscales (self-efficacy, disclosure of PrEP use, and social support) are reliable and predicted increased PrEP adherence; and disclosure of PrEP use increased the odds of persistent adherence; 2) AGYW with supportive adults in their life and disclosed PrEP use to their parents had higher adherence; and 3) AGYW who expressed high trust in their providers had higher odds of both high self-reported and drug level measures of PrEP adherence.
The research makes three significant contributions to improving PrEP delivery: 1) HPRM as a tool to assess PrEP readiness and focus adherence support on AGYW who have low self-efficacy, low social support, and no plans for disclosing PrEP use; 2) supporting AGYW to consider disclosing their PrEP use to the supportive adults in their lives; and 3) in provider PrEP training, discuss the importance of AGYW’s trust in their provider as essential to improving AGYW reporting actual PrEP use
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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