2,077 research outputs found
Una sociologia attraverso le relazioni? La sociologia "relazionista" di Christian Papilloud
No full textIl saggio analizza la prospettiva sociologica di Christian Papilloud. A partire dalla ricognizione di alcuni suoi recenti contributi, ospitati nel volume collettaneo a cura di François Dépelteau ("The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology", 2018), vengono messi in luce i tratti specifici della sociologia relazionale di Papilloud. Sulla scorta di una più approfondita analisi del suo volume "Sociology through Relation: Theoretical Assessments from the french Tradition" (2018), viene presentata la proposta "relazionista" di Papilloud: il sociologo francese tende a ridurre la relazione a funzione, processo o scambio. Ripercorrendo il contributo di alcuni classici della sociologia francese (Durkheim, Richard, Mauss, Bourdieu e Latour) e quello di Georg Simmel, Papilloud presenta aspetti che si possono ritenere "riduzionisti" secondo quanto accordato da Donati nella sua distinzione tra sociologie relazionali e relazioniste. Le prime mantengono una posizione rigorosamente relazionale nella misura in cui assumono la relazione come oggetto specifico della sociologia (realtà sui generis emergente e trascendente rispetto alla dicotomia struttura/agency); le seconde tendono a "ridurre" la relazione a processo, transazione, interazione, rete ecc. Il saggio mostra quindi come la proposta teorica di Papilloud sia sostanzialmente ascrivibile a questa seconda categoria
Una sociologia attraverso le relazioni? La sociologia "relazionista" di Christian Papilloud
No full textIl saggio analizza la prospettiva sociologica di Christian Papilloud. A partire dalla ricognizione di alcuni suoi recenti contributi, ospitati nel volume collettaneo a cura di François Dépelteau ("The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology", 2018), vengono messi in luce i tratti specifici della sociologia relazionale di Papilloud. Sulla scorta di una più approfondita analisi del suo volume "Sociology through Relation: Theoretical Assessments from the french Tradition" (2018), viene presentata la proposta "relazionista" di Papilloud: il sociologo francese tende a ridurre la relazione a funzione, processo o scambio. Ripercorrendo il contributo di alcuni classici della sociologia francese (Durkheim, Richard, Mauss, Bourdieu e Latour) e quello di Georg Simmel, Papilloud presenta aspetti che si possono ritenere "riduzionisti" secondo quanto accordato da Donati nella sua distinzione tra sociologie relazionali e relazioniste. Le prime mantengono una posizione rigorosamente relazionale nella misura in cui assumono la relazione come oggetto specifico della sociologia (realtà sui generis emergente e trascendente rispetto alla dicotomia struttura/agency); le seconde tendono a "ridurre" la relazione a processo, transazione, interazione, rete ecc. Il saggio mostra quindi come la proposta teorica di Papilloud sia sostanzialmente ascrivibile a questa seconda categoria
Fuhse and Donati on Relational Sociology: beyond the structural view of social networks
No full textThis paper aims to compare Pierpaolo Donati’s Relational Theory of
Society (also called Relational Sociology), and the theoretical proposal of Jan
Fuhse’s Relational Sociology. It focuses on two main issues: 1) Epistemology
– the «Relational Sociology» paradigm; 2) Ontology – what the social relation
consists of. Both perspectives (Donati and Fuhse) aim at describing the social
reality as a “relational construct”. The core issue and the real distinguishing
divergence point between these two theories is precisely the concept of
“relation”, then its application in methodological and empirical fields. Fuhse
starts with the network analysis sociological tradition (White) to reach a
relational “communicative” theory of society (Luhmann), whereas Donati
insists to build his sociological paradigm from the perspective of the “relation”
concept. The former reduces and considers networks as “communicative
events”, the latter does not renounce to analyse social facts as “relations”,
synthetizing structure, culture and agency in a wide “relational” social theory
Fuhse and Donati on Relational Sociology: beyond the structural view of social networks
No full textThis paper aims to compare Pierpaolo Donati’s Relational Theory of
Society (also called Relational Sociology), and the theoretical proposal of Jan
Fuhse’s Relational Sociology. It focuses on two main issues: 1) Epistemology
– the «Relational Sociology» paradigm; 2) Ontology – what the social relation
consists of. Both perspectives (Donati and Fuhse) aim at describing the social
reality as a “relational construct”. The core issue and the real distinguishing
divergence point between these two theories is precisely the concept of
“relation”, then its application in methodological and empirical fields. Fuhse
starts with the network analysis sociological tradition (White) to reach a
relational “communicative” theory of society (Luhmann), whereas Donati
insists to build his sociological paradigm from the perspective of the “relation”
concept. The former reduces and considers networks as “communicative
events”, the latter does not renounce to analyse social facts as “relations”,
synthetizing structure, culture and agency in a wide “relational” social theory
The importance of characterizing slope damage in rock slopes
No full textThe stability of high rock slopes is controlled by many geological factors including the orientation, size, and location of geological structures, lithology, rock mass strength, hydrogeological setting, and slope topography. Together, these “inherited” factors often control the location, the extent, and the volume of the potential rock mass involved in a rock slope failure. Rock slopes can remain stable for many thousands of years before a de-stabilizing event or “trigger”, causes the slope to fail. However, often the failure of a rock slope is the final outcome of a slow and progressive degradation of the rock mass causing a gradual reduction in slope stability.
Many authors have investigated the role of so-called “exogenic” and “endogenic” factors on the evolution of rock slope stability. Exogenic factors may lead to damage in the rock mass at the surface of rock slopes (i.e. weathering, erosion, etc.). Conversely, endogenic factors cause the weakening of the rock mass from within the Earth’s crust (earthquakes, volcanism, etc.). The action of the above factors, extending over thousands of years, and the interaction with the aforementioned inherited factors, causes the formation of rock slope damage features such as tension cracks, rock mass dilation and brittle fracture resulting in “progressive failure” of the slope.
In the course of this research, several landslide sites were visited, both in North America (the Downie Slide and the Hope Slide, British Columbia, Canada) and Italy (San Leo landslide). At each site, slope damage was investigated using an integrated remote sensing and numerical modelling approach. It was noted that the accumulation of slope damage was driven and controlled by a complex interaction of factors and geomorphic processes, including glacial and fluvial erosion, steepening and undermining of the slope, debuttressing, slope deformations and fatigue. In this paper we provide clear evidence of how mapping and characterization of slope damage features using state-of-the-art remote sensing methods can provide new insights on the style of slope deformation and the factors that control the stability and failure of rock slopes. Finally, it is recommended that the analysis of rock slope damage should be an important component in the workflow to ensure comprehensive rock slope characterization
Characterising the kinematics of the Joffre Peak landslides using a combined numerical modeling-remote sensing approach
No full textGeological structure and kinematics are often the most important factors controlling the stability of high rock slopes; their characterization can provide insights that are instrumental in understanding the behaviour of a slope in addition to its evolution with time. In this research, we used a combined remote sensing-numerical modelling approach to characterize the Joffre Peak landslides (British Columbia, Canada), two rock avalanche events that occurred on May, 13th and 16th 2019. The May 13th event involved a volume of 2-3million m3, and resulted in a runout distance of 6 km. The May 16th event involved a volume of 2-3 million m3, and a runout distance of 4 km. The failure was likely promoted by permafrost degradation and reduction in shear strength along geological structures (in our simulation checked in dry condition). Using a wide range of techniques, including Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry, virtual outcrop discontinuity mapping, GIS analysis, and 3D distinct element numerical modelling, we investigated the important role that structural geology and slope kinematics played prior to and during the Joffre landslide events. In particular, we demonstrate that i) a very persistent, sub-vertical geological structures formed the lateral and rear release surfaces of the rock mass volume that failed as two discrete landslide events. The landslide blocks were separated by one such sub-vertical structure, which remains visible in the fresh landslide scar; ii) the first block, failed on May 13th 2019, involving planar sliding failure mechanism, possibly promoted by progressive failure and propagation of discontinuities along the basal surface. The detachment of this block enhanced the kinematic freedom of the second landslide block, which, on May 16th, failed as wedge/toppling mechanism; iii) the first landslide block acted as a key block; its displacement and failure provided the kinematic freedom for the occurrence of the second landslide. In this paper we show that combining remote sensing mapping and 3D numerical modelling allows for the identification of the structural geological features controlling the stability and evolution of high rock slopes in alpine environments. We also show that constraining and validating the numerical modelling results using historical data is of paramount importance to ensure that the correct failure mechanism of the landslides is simulated
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes: implications for engineered slopes and open pit mines
No full textThe Importance of Rock Mass Damage in the Kinematics of Landslides
Get PDFThe stability and kinematics of rock slopes are widely considered to be functions of lithological, structural, and environmental features. Conversely, slope damage features are often overlooked and considered as byproducts of slope deformation. This paper analyzes and discusses the potential role of slope damage, its time-dependent nature, and its control on both the stability of rock slopes and their kinematics. The analysis of several major landslides and unstable slopes, combined with a literature survey, shows that slope damage can play an important role in controlling short- and long-term slope stability. Seasonal and continuously active events cause permanent deformation within the slope due to the accumulation of slope damage features, including rock mass dilation and intact rock fracturing. Rock mass quality, lithology, and scale control the characteristics and complexity of slope damage, as well as the failure mechanism. The authors propose that the role of slope damage in slope kinematics should always be considered in slope stability analysis, and that an integrated characterization–monitoring–numerical modelling approach can enhance our understanding of slope damage, its evolution, and the controlling factors. Finally, it is emphasized that there is currently a lack of guidelines or frameworks for the quantitative assessment and classification of slope damage, which requires a multidisciplinary approach combining rock mechanics, geomorphology, engineering geology, remote sensing, and geophysics
Farmer’s motivation to adopt sustainable agricultural practices
Get PDFThe 2014-2020 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform defines new rules for farmers including maintenance of the ecological focus area (EFA). Sustainability is also a requirement to meet consumer expectations and a competitive advantage for firms. This paper aims to evaluate the farmers’ intention to implement sustainable practices related to the EFA measure and to the private sustainability schemes proposed by the food industry. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was applied on a sample of durum wheat producers to analyse intentions 1) to maintain 7% of the arable land as an EFA, and 2) to implement the private sustainability scheme. Structural equation modelling was applied to test for the relative importance of intention determinants. The farmers’ attitude and past behaviour positively affect intentions to implement the EFA, while perceived behavioural control and attitudes predict intentions to adopt the private sustainability scheme. These results suggest possible interventions that public authorities and supply chain leaders might implement to stimulate farmers’ sustainable behaviours
- …
