1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Etablierung eines Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilmassays zur Antibiotikawirksamkeitstestung
No full textDie Hauptmortalitätsursache von Mukoviszidosepatienten ist die Abnahme der Lungenfunktion aufgrund von bakteriellen Infektionen, wobei P. aeruginosa den essentiellsten Erreger darstellt. Bei chronischen Infektionen bildet P. aeruginosa in der Lunge Biofilme aus. Biofilme sind eine Gemeinschaft von Mikroorganismen, welche an eine abiotische oder biotische Oberfläche haften und von extrazellulären Komponenten (Polysaccharide, Proteine und DNA) umgeben sind. Dieser Biofilm schützt die Bakterien gegenüber antimikrobiellen Substanzen. Die derzeitigen in vitro Assays beziehen sich auf das Wachstum der Bakterien in planktonischer Form. Dies stellt die Situation in einer chronischen Infektion allerdings nur unzureichend dar, da die Bakterien dort in Biofilmen auftreten. Aus diesem Grund war das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit einen in vitro Biofilm-Assay in der Arbeitsgruppe zu etablieren und dieses mit der traditionellen Bestimmung der minimalen Hemmkonzentration (MHK) zu vergleichen. Zudem sollte untersucht werden, ob eine schnellere Bestimmung der Keimvitalität über die Messung der respiratorischen Aktivität (Resazurin-Assay und CTC-Assay) möglich ist. Für den in vitro Biofilm-Assay wurden die Biofilme von den P. aeruginosa Stämmen PAO1 und ATCC 9027 in 96 Well Mikrotiterplatten für 24 Stunden angezogen und nachfolgend für 24 Stunden mit verschiedenen Konzentrationen von Ceftazidim und Tobramycin behandelt. Anschließend wurden die Biofilme resuspendiert und die Lebendkeimzahl durch einen Verdünnungsausstrich bestimmt und mit dem MHK verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der MHK zeigte deutlich, dass die Bakterien in ihrer planktonischen Form sowohl von Ceftazidim als auch von Tobramycin bereits in niedrigen Konzentrationen in ihrem Wachstum gehemmt werden. Aus dem in vitro Biofilm-Assay ging hervor, dass die Bakterien auch bei sehr hohen Ceftazidimkonzentrationen (10 mg/ml) keinen Verlust der Vitalität aufwiesen. Tobramycin hemmt die in Biofilmen gewachsenen Bakterien erst in deutlich höheren Konzentrationen. Der Vergleich der MHK und des in vitro Biofilm-Assays zeigt, dass unterschiedliche Antibiotikakonzentrationen notwendig sind, um das Wachstum der Bakterien zu hindern. Somit stellt der in vitro Biofilm Assay im Vergleich zur MHK ein prädiktiveres Modell dar, um die Wirksamkeit von Antibiotika in Biofilm-assoziierten Infektionen zu überprüfen. Eine Bewertung der Keimvitalität im Biofilm über die metabolische Aktivität mittels Resazurin und CTC Färbung ist nur bedingt möglich, da die unterschiedlichen Stämme hohe Permeabilitätsunterschiede für die Farbstoffe aufwiesen.The decline of pulmonary function is the major cause of mortality for patients with cystic fibrosis due to bacteria infections, such as infection with P. aeruginosa. This essential pathogen generates a biofilm in the lungs during chronic infections. Biofilms are associations of microorganisms, which adhere on an abiotic and biotic surface and are enclosed from extracellular components such as polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. This protects the bacteria against antimicrobial substances. Current in-vitro assays showed an insufficient representation of the in-vivo situation, because they refer to bacteria growth in planktonic environment. Therefore, the aim of this bachelorthesis was to establish an in vitro biofilm-assay for testing the efficiency of antibiotics and to compare this assay with the traditional method of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Furthermore, it was to investigate whether it is possible to determine the vitality of the pathogens also by measuring the respiratory activity (Resazurin-Assay und CTC-Assay). P. aeruginosa PAO1 and ATCC 9027 were used for in vitro biofilm-assay, cultivated into 96-well plates for 24 hours and treated with different concentrations of Ceftazidim and Tobramycin for additional 24 hours. Afterwards the biofilm was resuspended and the viable count was determined through a dilution streak and compared with MIC-assay. The results of the MIC-assay demonstrate that the bacteria were inhibited through Ceftazidim and Tobramycin. The in vitro biofilm-assay reflects that the bacteria treated with a high concentration of Ceftazidim (10 mg/ml) indicated a pronounced vitality. Tobramycin inhibited the growth of bacteria in biofilms. However, a higher antibiotic-concentration is required for MIC-assay. The comparison of in vitro biofilm- and MIC-assays demonstrate that higher antibiotic-concentrations are necessary to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Thus the in vitro biofilm-assay is better to verify the efficiency of antibiotics to infections with biofilms. The Resazurin- and CTC-assay is not suitable, because different strains indicated high differences in permeability
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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