516 research outputs found
Portrait of Rabbi Heymann Jolowicz.
No full textPortrait depicts Rabbi Jolowicz as a young man wearing traditional clothing, including a tallit.Herbert Perlman, Chicago (transfered from Archives)Heymann Jolowicz (1816-1875) was a German Rabbi, author, and ultra-Reform supporter born in Santomischl, Posen. He studied at the University of Berlin before teaching in Marienwerder and then Köslin. Upon retirement, he settled in Königsberg and gave lectures.Updated record.Digital imag
Interspecific Variation of Scent-Marking Behaviour in Wild Tamarins, Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis
No full textThe scent-marking behaviour of sympatric moustached,
Saguinus mystax
, and saddle-back tamarins,
Saguinus fuscicollis
, was compared in order to explore interspecific differences and potential sources of variation. The author examined basic patterns of scent marking (types, intensity, complexity), substrate use (type, orientation, height), and social patterning of scent marking in three groups of
S. mystax
and one group of
S. fuscicollis
at the Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco, Peruvian Amazonia.
S. mystax
and
S. fuscicollis
differed significantly in the relative frequency of different types, and in the intensity and complexity of scent marking. Only
S. fuscicollis
showed allomarking. They also differed significantly in the type, orientation and height of substrates used for scent marking which corresponded to general differences in substrate use. In
S. fuscicollis
, but very rarely in
S. mystax
, two or more group members marked the same site sequentially or simultaneously. ‘Collective scent marking’, i.e. simultaneous scent marking by most or all group members, occurred only in
S. fuscicollis
. Since both tamarin species live sympatrically in mixed-species groups, ecological factors are unlikely to account for the differences found in scent-marking behaviour (except for differences in substrate use). They probably relate to as yet unknown differences in social and reproductive strategies of the two species
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Does Not Drive New Bone Formation in Experimental Arthritis
No full textInsulin like growth factor (IGF)-I can act on a variety of cells involved in cartilage and bone repair, yet IGF-I has not been studied extensively in the context of inflammatory arthritis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether IGF-I overexpression in the osteoblast lineage could lead to increased reparative or pathological bone formation in rheumatoid arthritis and/or spondyloarthritis respectively.) line 324–7 were studied during collagen induced arthritis and in the DBA/1 aging model for ankylosing enthesitis. Mice were scored clinically and peripheral joints were analysed histologically for the presence of hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteocalcin positive osteoblasts. and non-transgenic littermates. Histological analysis revealed similar levels of hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteocalcin positive osteoblasts in the ankle joints. In the DBA/1 aging model for ankylosing enthesitis 60% of the mice in both groups had a clinical score 1<. Severity was similar between both groups. Histological analysis revealed the presence of hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteocalcin positive osteoblasts in the toes in equal levels.Overexpression of IGF-I in the osteoblast lineage does not contribute to an increase in repair of erosions or syndesmophyte formation in mouse models for destructive and remodeling arthritis
Therapeutic approaches for bone sarcomas
No full textBone sarcomas include a wide variety of primary, non-epithelial, malignant neoplasms originating from bone cells or their precursors. By definition, they have a potential for metastasis. Some bone sarcomas are purely osteolytic, while others produce a calcified matrix (e.g. osteosarcoma), a cartilaginous matrix (e.g. chondrosarcoma), or a mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic matrix. The three main bone sarcomas include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Most bone sarcomas occur in children and young adults and develop in the extremities, especially the distal femur, or the pelvis. The most common symptoms are pain and an enlarging mass. The location, depth and size of an enlarging mass can be determined on physical examination. The presence of persistent non-mechanical pain in any bone lasting more than a few weeks should cause concern and lead to further immediate investigation. A palpable mass will only be present if the tumor has progressed through the cortex and distended the periosteum. Radiographs are important in any patient with prolonged bone pain. Conventional radiographs in two planes should always be the first investigation; a bone sarcoma will almost always be obvious in radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary imaging method for evaluating bone lesions, their exact location, and their proximity to neurovascular structures. General staging including bone scintigraphy, chest radiographs and CT should be carried out to assess the extent of distant disease. The majority of patients with bone sarcomas require a multidisciplinary approach that includes orthopedic, medical and radiation oncologists, plastic surgeons, pathologists, and radiologists with expertise in bone tumors. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is individualized. For some bone sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, there is a preference to treat the patient with chemotherapy at the beginning of the course, prior to surgical treatment, aiming to treat the potential micrometastatic disease, reduce the soft tissue mass about the bone tumor and/or mature the mass, allowing for easier resection
Trunk muscle activity is modified in osteoporotic vertebral fracture and thoracic kyphosis with potential consequences for vertebral health
No full textThis study explored inter-relationships between vertebral fracture, thoracic kyphosis and trunk muscle control in elderly people with osteoporosis. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are associated with increased risk of further vertebral fractures; but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Several factors may explain this association, including changes in postural alignment (thoracic kyphosis) and altered trunk muscle contraction patterns. Both factors may increase risk of further fracture because of increased vertebral loading and impaired balance, which may increase falls risk. This study compared postural adjustments in 24 individuals with osteoporosis with and without vertebral fracture and with varying degrees of thoracic kyphosis. Trunk muscle electromyographic activity (EMG) associated with voluntary arm movements was recorded and compared between individuals with and without vertebral fracture, and between those with low and high thoracic kyphosis. Overall, elderly participants in the study demonstrated co-contraction of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles during forwards arm movements, but those with vertebral fractures demonstrated a more pronounced co-contraction than those without fracture. Individuals with high thoracic kyphosis demonstrated more pronounced alternating flexor and extensor EMG bursts than those with less kyphosis. Co-contraction of trunk flexor and extensor muscles in older individuals contrasts the alternating bursts of antagonist muscle activity in previous studies of young individuals. This may have several consequences, including altered balance efficacy and the potential for increased compressive loads through the spine. Both of these outcomes may have consequences in a population with fragile vertebrae who are susceptible to fracture
Avencio Villarejo: Misionero en la Selva Baja del Perú 1934-1949
No full textDr. Catherine Heymann, professor at the University of Angers, has been very close to the life and adventure of the Augustinian priest Avencio Villarejo, known by this name in the Amazons. As an assiduous reader of his works, especially of the books, Así es la selva and La aventura de un agustino en la Selva, an Amazonian encyclopedia giving the background of the stories, she penetrates into the interior world of this missionary, highlights his capacity and bravery in traveling through forests and rivers of the low regions between 1934 and 1949. The protagonist of this history analyzes meticulously the most diverse experiences of the people encountered on the journey as well as the diversity of geography, the plants and the animal species. To go through this life requires a great missionary courage in all its different aspects which the author assumes admirably.La Dra. Catherine Heymann, profesora de la Universidad de Angers, ha vivido muy unida a la vida y aventura del agustino P. Avencio Villarejo, tan conocido en la Amazonia. Lectora asidua de sus obras, sobre todo de Así Es la Selva y lo que ha dado sustento a los relatos que dieron origen a esta enciclopedia amazónica. La aventura de un agustino en la Selva, se introduce al interior del mundo de este misionero, poniendo de relieve su capacidad y valentía, recorriendo bosques y ríos de la selva baja entre 1934 y 1949. El protagonista de esta historia analiza meticulosamente las más diversas experiencias tanto de la gente que encuentra en su caminar como la diversidad en cuanto a la geografía, las plantas y las especies animales. Recorrer esta vida es una lección de coraje misionero en las distintas dimensiones, que la autora asume admirada
Current therapeutic approaches of bone sarcomas
No full textCurrent treatments for bone sarcomas include limb-salvage surgery with wide-margin resection or amputation, with or without adjuvant treatments including chemotherapy and radiation therapy according to the tumor's histology. Patients with locally or distally advance sarcomas may benefit from palliative treatments. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach. In patients with high-grade tumors, those with metastases at presentation or local recurrence, and poor responders to first line treatment a carefully planned approach with target treatments or early amputation is paramount. Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of bone sarcoma treatment and is usually applied in a neoadjuvant scheme. New formulations of chemotherapeutic agents are currently available in order to reduce the cardiotoxicity of conventional regimens. Radiation can be administered as preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy), or primary (usually palliative) depending on the site and type of the tumor, the achieved surgical margins of resection, and the response to chemotherapy. Recognition of the importance of rehabilitation services for cancer patients has increased in recent years, and sarcoma survivors benefit from multidisciplinary rehabilitation care
Europe
No full textBourel Dominique et Florence Heymann (traduites et annotées par), Lettres choisies de Martin Buber. 1899-1965, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2004, 317 p. Skalník Petr (éd.), Politická Kuktura : anthropologie, sociologie, politologie, Prague, Set Out/CEFRES, 2004, 271 p. (en Tchèque)
A genetically engineered microRNA-34a prodrug demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a canine model of osteosarcoma
No full textOsteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common primary bone tumor in humans and pet dogs. Little progress has been made with regard to viable treatment options in the past three decades and patients presenting with metastatic disease continue to have a poor prognosis. Recent mouse studies have suggested that microRNA-34a (miR-34a) may have anti-tumor activities in human OSA models. Due to the conservation of microRNA across species, we hypothesized that a bioengineered miR-34a prodrug (tRNA/miR-34a) would have similar effects in canine OSA, providing a valuable preclinical model for development of this therapeutic modality. Using a panel of canine OSA cell lines, we found that tRNA/miR-34a reduced viability, clonogenic growth, and migration and invasion while increasing tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, canine OSA cells successfully process the tRNA/miR-34a into mature miR-34a which reduces expression of target proteins such as platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), Notch1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, our subcutaneous OSA xenograft model demonstrated in vivo tumor growth delay, increased necrosis and apoptosis by tRNA/miR-34a, and decreased cellular proliferation ability. Taken together, these data support that this novel microRNA-based therapy may possess clinical utility in a spontaneously-occurring large animal model of OSA, which can then serve to inform the clinical development of this therapy for human OSA patients.</div
Differential roles of MAPK kinases MKK3 and MKK6 in osteoclastogenesis and bone loss.
No full textBone mass is maintained by osteoclasts that resorb bone and osteoblasts that promote matrix deposition and mineralization. Bone homeostasis is altered in chronic inflammation as well as in post-menopausal loss of estrogen, which favors osteoclast activity that leads to osteoporosis. The MAPK p38α is a key regulator of bone loss and p38 inhibitors preserve bone mass by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. p38 function is regulated by two upstream MAPK kinases, namely MKK3 and MKK6. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of MKK3- or MKK6-deficiency on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and on bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. We demonstrated that MKK3 but not MKK6, regulates osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cells in vitro. Expression of NFATc1, a master transcription factor in osteoclastogenesis, is decreased in cells lacking MKK3 but not MKK6. Expression of osteoclast-specific genes Cathepsin K, osteoclast-associated receptor and MMP9, was inhibited in MKK3-/- cells. The effect of MKK-deficiency on ovariectomy-induced bone loss was then evaluated in female WT, MKK3-/- and MKK6-/- mice by micro-CT analysis. Bone loss was partially inhibited in MKK3-/- as well as MKK6-/- mice, despite normal osteoclastogenesis in MKK6-/- cells. This correlated with the lower osteoclast numbers in the MKK-deficient ovariectomized mice. These studies suggest that MKK3 and MKK6 differentially regulate bone loss due to estrogen withdrawal. MKK3 directly mediates osteoclastogenesis while MKK6 likely contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine production that promotes osteoclast formation
- …
