125 research outputs found
The Holland broadcast language and the modeling of biochemical networks
No full textThe Broadcast Language is a programming formalism devised by Holland in 1975, which aims at improving the efficiency of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) during long-term evolution. The key mechanism of the Broadcast Language is to allow GAs to employ an adaptable problem representation. Fixed problem encoding is commonly used by GAs but may limit their performance in particular cases. This paper describes an implementation of the Broadcast Language and its application to modeling biochemical networks. Holland presented the Broadcast Language in his book “Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems” where only a description of the language was provided, without any implementation. Our primary motivation for this work was the fact that there is currently no published implementation of the Broadcast Language available. Secondly, no additional examination of the Broadcast Language and its applications can be found in the literature. Holland proposed that the Broadcast Language would be suitable for the modeling of biochemical models. However, he did not support this belief with any experimental work. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the Broadcast Language which is then applied to the modeling of a signal transduction network. We conclude the paper by proposing that with some refinements it will be possible to use the Broadcast Language to evolve biochemical networks in silico
I-BAT ::a data-intensive solution based on the Internet of Things to predict energy behaviors in microgrids
No full textMicrogrids present the challenge to reach a proper balance between local production and consumption, in order to reduce the usage of energy from external sources. This work presents a data-intensive solution to predict the energy behaviors. Thereby, control actions can be carried out such as decrease heating systems levels and switch of low-priority devices. For this purpose, this work has deployed an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in the Techno-Pole testbed. This deployment provides the data from energy-related parameters such as load curves of the overall building through Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), a wireless network of IoT-based smart meters to measure and control appliances, and finally the generated power curve by 2000 square meters of photovoltaic panels. The prediction model proposed is based on recognition of electrical signatures. These electrical signatures have been used to detect complex usage patterns. The modelled patterns have allowed to identify the work day of the week, and predict the load and generation curves for 15 minutes with accuracy over the 90%. This short-term prediction allows one to carry out the proper actions in order to balance the microgrid status (i.e., get a proper balance between production and consumption with respect to worked requirements)
I-BAT: A data- intensive solution based on the Internet of Things to predict energy behaviors in microgrids
No full textCatholicism and the making of politics in Central Mozambique, 1940-1986
No full textThis book is concerned with the internal diversity and complexity of the Roman Catholic Church. It aims at exploring, unpacking, and explaining how the Roman Catholic institution works, how its politics are made, and how the latter impact its environment. Using the diocese of Beira in central Mozambique as a case study, and following insights by Max Weber, author Eric Morier-Genoud takes the novel "horizontal" approach of looking at congregations within the Church as a series of autonomous entities, rather than focusing on the hierarchical structure of the institution.Between 1940 and 1980, the diocese of Beira was home to some fifteen different congregations ranging from Jesuits to Franciscans, from Burgos to Picpus fathers. As in many areas of the world, the 1960s brought conflict to Catholic congregations in central Mozambique, with African nationalism and the reforms of Vatican II playing a part. The conflict manifested in many ways: a bishop's flight from his diocese, a congregation abandoning the territory in protest against the collusion between church and state, and a declaration of class struggle in the church. All of these events, occurring against the backdrop of the war for Mozambican independence, make the region an especially fruitful location for the pioneering analysis proffered in this important study
Hybrid human-machine information systems for data classification
No full textOver the last decade, we have seen an intense development of machine learning approaches for solving various tasks in diverse domains. Despite the remarkable advancements in this field, there are still task categories that machine learning models fall short of the required accuracy. This is the case with tasks that require human cognitive skills, such as sentiment analysis, emotional or contextual understanding. On the other hand, human-based computation approaches, such as crowdsourcing, are popular for solving such tasks. Crowdsourcing enables access to a vast number of groups with different expertise, and if managed properly, generates high-quality results. However, crowdsourcing as a standalone approach is not scalable due to the latency and cost it brings in.
Addressing the challenges and limitations that the human and machine-based approaches have distinctly requires bridging the two fields into a hybrid intelligence, seen as a promising approach to solve critical and complex real-world tasks. This thesis focuses on hybrid human-machine information systems, combining machine and human intelligence and leveraging their complementary strengths: the data processing efficiency of machine learning and the data quality generated by crowdsourcing.
In this thesis, we present hybrid human-machine models to address the challenges falling into three dimensions: accuracy, latency, and cost. Solving data classification tasks in different domains has different requirements concerning accuracy, latency, and cost criteria. Motivated by this fact, we introduce a master component that evaluates these criteria to find the suitable model as a trade-off solution. In hybrid human-machine information systems, incorporating human judgments is expected to improve the accuracy of the system. Therefore, to ensure this, we focus on the human intelligence component, integrating profile-aware crowdsourcing for task assignment and data quality control mechanisms in the hybrid pipelines.
The proposed conceptual hybrid human-machine models materialize in conducted experiments. Motivated by challenging scenarios and using real-world datasets, we implement the hybrid models in three experiments. Evaluations show that the implemented hybrid human-machine architectures for data classification tasks lead to better results as compared to each of the two approaches individually, improving the overall accuracy at an acceptable cost and latency
Reconnaissance et transformation de locuteurs
No full textThis PhD thesis tries to understand how to analyse, decompose, model and transform the vocal identity of a human when seen through an automatic speaker recognition application. It starts with an introduction explaining the properties of the speech signal and the basis of the automatic speaker recognition. Then, the errors of an operating speaker recognition application are analysed. From the deficiencies and mistakes noticed in the running application, some observations cm be made which will imply a re-evaluation of the characteristic parameters of a speaker, and to reconsider some parts of the automatic speaker recognition chain. In order to determine what are the characterising parameters of a speaker, these are extracted from the speech signal with an analysis and synthesis harmonic plus noise model (H+N). The analysis and re-synthesis of the harmonic and noise parts indicate those which are speech or speaker dependent. It is then shown that the speaker discriminating information can be found in the residual of the subtraction from the original signal of the H+N modeled signal. Then, a study of the impostors phenomenon, essential in the tuning of a speaker recognition system, is carried out. The impostors are simulated in two ways: first by a transformation of the speech of a source speaker (the impostor) to the speech of a target speaker (the client) using the parameters extracted from the H+N model. This way of transforming the parameters is efficient as the false acceptance rate grows from 4% to 23%. Second, an automatic imposture by speech sepent concatenation is carried out. In this case the false acceptance rate grows to 30%. A way to become less sensitive to the spectral modification impostures is to remove the harmonic part or even the noise part modeled by the H+N from the original signal. Using such a subtraction decreases the false acceptance rate to 8% even if transformed impostors are used. To overcome the lack of training data — one of the main cause of modeling errors in speaker recognition — a decomposition of the recognition task into a set of binary classifiers is proposed. A classifier matrix is built and each of its elements has to classify word by word the data coming from the client and another speaker (named here an anti-speaker, randomly chosen from an extemal database). With such an approach it is possible to weight the results according to the vocabulary or the neighbours of the client in the parameter (acoustic) space. The output of the mamx classifiers are then weighted and mixed in order to produce a single output score. The weights are estimated on validation data, and if the weighting is done properly, the binary pair speaker recognition system gives better results than a state of the an HMM based system. In order to set a point of operation (i.e. a point on the COR cuwe) for the speaker recognition application, an a priori threshold has to be determined. Theoretically the threshold should be speaker independent when stochastic models are used. However, practical experiments show that this is not the case, as due to modeling mismatch the threshold becomes speaker and utterance length dependant. A theoretical framework showing how to adjust the threshold using the local likelihood ratio is then developed. Finally, a last modeling error correction method using decision fusion is proposed. Some practical experiments show the advantages and drawbacks of the fusion approach in speaker recognition applications.LANOSLIDIA
Decentralized energy management by predictions
No full textComment satisfaire les besoins en énergie d’une population de 9 milliards d’êtres humains en 2050, de façon économiquement viable tout en minimisant l’impact sur l’environnement. Une des réponses est l’insertion de production d’énergie propre d’origine éolienne et photovoltaïque mais leurs totales dépendances aux variations climatiques accentuent une pression sur le réseau. Les modèles prédictifs historiques centralisés et paramétriques ont du mal à appréhender les variations brutales de productions et de consommations. La révolution internet permet aujourd’hui une convergence entre le numérique et l’énergie. En Europe et depuis cinq ans, l’axe d’étude est celui de la maîtrise locale de l’électricité. Ainsi plusieurs quartiers intelligents ont été créés et les modèles utilisés de pilotage et de prédiction restent souvent la propriété des partenaires des projets. Dans cette thèse, Il s’agit de réaliser un bilan énergétique chaque heure pour prédire l’ensemble des vecteurs énergétiques d’un système. Le besoin en énergie d’un système comme une maison est décomposée en un besoin en chauffage, en un besoin en eau chaude sanitaire, en un besoin en luminaires, en besoin de ventilation et en usages spécifiques électriques utiles. Le système peut posséder une production décentralisée et un système de stockage ce qui augmentera sa capacité d’effacement. Pour le centre de pilotage, l’objectif est d’avoir une possibilité de scénarios de surproductions ou surconsommations sur un quartier donnée à court terme. Nous considérerons dans cette thèse un horizon à l’heure pour notre bilan énergétique. Cela implique une prédiction fine des différents flux énergétiques d’un système en particulier le chauffage et l’eau chaude qui représente le plus gros potentiel de flexibilité dans les bâtiments. Pour réaliser un bilan, nous devons calculer les différents flux énergétiques à l’intérieur de notre système : les déperditions par l’enveloppe et la ventilation, les gains internes solaires, des personnes et des appareils, le stockage, la production d’eau chaude sanitaire, les usages spécifiques électriques utiles. Sur certains de ces points, nous pouvons évaluer assez précisément et en fonction du temps les quantités d’énergie échangées. Pour les autres (ECS, USE, gains internes, stockage), la bibliographie nous donne que des méthodes globales et indépendantes du temps. Il n’est donc pas possible d’envisager une méthode correspondant au pas de temps souhaité. Ceci impose la mise au point d’une méthode prédictive et apprenante dont nos modèles de simulation énergétique seront le point de référence. Il n’en reste pas moins que ces modèles permettent la compréhension du comportement énergétique du système. L’outil se devra non intrusif, personnalisé, robuste et simple. Pour limiter le caractère intrusif de l’outil, il s’agit à la fois d’ajouter de l’intelligence comme par exemple l’identification des appareils utiles à partir d’un seul point de mesure mais aussi la collection et l’analyse d’informations localement. Les données privées ne sont pas transmises vers l’extérieur. Seules les informations de prédictions énergétiques sont envoyées à un niveau supérieur pour agrégation des données des quartiers. L’intelligence est également au niveau des prédictions réalisées issues de méthodes d’apprentissage comme l’utilisation des réseaux de neurones ou des arbres de décision. La robustesse est étudiée d’un point de vue technologie (plusieurs protocoles de communication ont été testés), techniques (plusieurs méthodes de collecte) et d’un point de vue du stockage de données (limiter la fréquence de collecte). La simplicité d’usage engendre une simplicité d’installation minimiser le nombre de données d’entrée tout en gardant une précision souhaitable sera notre principal axe d’optimisation.This work presents a data-intensive solution to manage energy flux after a low transformer voltage named microgrid concept. A microgrid is an aggregation of building with a decentralized energy production and or not a storage system. These microgrid can be aggregate to create an intelligent virtual power plant. However, many problems must be resolved to increase the part of these microgrid and the renewable resource in a energy mix. The physic model can not integrate and resolve in a short time the quickly variations. The intelligent district can be integrate a part of flexibility in their production with a storage system. This storage can be electrical with a battery or thermal with the heating and the hot water. For a virtual power plant, the system can be autonomous when the price electricity prediction is low and increase the production provided on the market when the price electricity is high. For a energy supplier and with a decentralized production building distant of a low transformer voltage, a regulation with a storage capacity enable a tension regulation. Finally, the auto-consumption becomes more and more interesting combined with a low electrical storage price and the result of the COP 21 in Paris engage the different country towards the energy transition. In these cases, a flexibility is crucial at the building level but this flexibility is possible if, and only if, the locally prediction are correct to manage the energy. The main novelties of our approach is to provide an easy implemented and flexible solution to predict the consumption and the production at the building level based on the machine learning technique and tested on the real use cases in a residential and tertiary sector. A new evaluation of the consumption is realized: the point of view is energy and not only electrical. The energy consumption is decomposed between the heating consumption, the hot water consumption and the electrical devices consumption. A prediction every hour is provided for the heating and the hot water consumption to estimate the thermal storage capacity. A characterization of Electrical devices consumption is realized by a non-intrusive disaggregation from the global load curve. The heating and the hot water are identify to provide a non intrusive methodology of prediction. Every day, the heating, the hot water, the household appliances, the cooling and the stand by are identified. Every 15 minutes, our software provide a hot water prediction, a heating prediction, a decentralized prediction and a characterization of the electrical consumption. A comparison with the different physic model simulated enable an error evaluation the error of our different implemented model
Emotionale Offenheit bei der Behandlung der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung : eine Falldarstellung
No full textDans le sillage de la marine de guerre, pouvoir et Eglise en Guadeloupe (1940-1943)
No full textGenoud, bishop in Guadeloupe from 1912 to 1945, became an unquestioning partisan of
the new regime when, in 1940, Marshal Pétain established the government of the National
Revolution. Bishop Gay become Genoud's coadjutor in 1943 ; he eventually succeeded him at
the head of the diocese. He arrived in Guadeloupe a little after the joining of the island
to De Gaulle ’s France. Because of Genoud's well-known unquestioning petainism one may
wonder if Jean Gay did not owe his position to a religious purge.According to documents issued by the Minister’s office in charge of the colonies at
that time, such a conclusion has to be disproved. In fact, Bishop Genoud was surrounded by
government officials that the Vichy regime in Guadeloupe quickly got rid of. The latter
opened negotiations with the highest religious authorities to flank Genoud with a coadjutor
sympathetic to the National Revolution : Jean Gay. At the same time the regime continued to
assure the bishops of its official aid.But the war delayed the new coadjutor’s trip. Ready to leave in the early months of
1943, the German and later the Italian authorities gave him permission to leave for Rome. He
was then taken to Spain and Portugal. It is at that time that Admiral Robert, high
commissioner to the French Caribbean, realized he had no alternative but to give up to obey
Vichy. It appears that Gay was contacted in Lisbon by the Free French whose government was
in Algiers. He had to continue his journey with the Allied Forces.Portuguese Guinea, Liberia, Brazil, the Guianas and Trinidad followed one another
until the plane landed in Martinique. After a few hesitations, the Gaullist authorities
accepted to let him go to Guadeloupe where he landed on August 10, 1943.But what were the real reasons for such an interest in a religious leader by the
colonial authorities ? This was probably linked to the picture the ruling circles had of the
Church, circles that considered the latter, rightly or wrongly, as a way to maintain power
at a time when theology of liberation was unheard of
Dans le sillage de la marine de guerre, pouvoir et Eglise en Guadeloupe (1940-1943)
No full textGenoud, bishop in Guadeloupe from 1912 to 1945, became an unquestioning partisan of
the new regime when, in 1940, Marshal Pétain established the government of the National
Revolution. Bishop Gay become Genoud's coadjutor in 1943 ; he eventually succeeded him at
the head of the diocese. He arrived in Guadeloupe a little after the joining of the island
to De Gaulle ’s France. Because of Genoud's well-known unquestioning petainism one may
wonder if Jean Gay did not owe his position to a religious purge.
According to documents issued by the Minister’s office in charge of the colonies at
that time, such a conclusion has to be disproved. In fact, Bishop Genoud was surrounded by
government officials that the Vichy regime in Guadeloupe quickly got rid of. The latter
opened negotiations with the highest religious authorities to flank Genoud with a coadjutor
sympathetic to the National Revolution : Jean Gay. At the same time the regime continued to
assure the bishops of its official aid.
But the war delayed the new coadjutor’s trip. Ready to leave in the early months of
1943, the German and later the Italian authorities gave him permission to leave for Rome. He
was then taken to Spain and Portugal. It is at that time that Admiral Robert, high
commissioner to the French Caribbean, realized he had no alternative but to give up to obey
Vichy. It appears that Gay was contacted in Lisbon by the Free French whose government was
in Algiers. He had to continue his journey with the Allied Forces.
Portuguese Guinea, Liberia, Brazil, the Guianas and Trinidad followed one another
until the plane landed in Martinique. After a few hesitations, the Gaullist authorities
accepted to let him go to Guadeloupe where he landed on August 10, 1943.
But what were the real reasons for such an interest in a religious leader by the
colonial authorities ? This was probably linked to the picture the ruling circles had of the
Church, circles that considered the latter, rightly or wrongly, as a way to maintain power
at a time when theology of liberation was unheard of.</jats:p
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