1,720,971 research outputs found
FAMILIA Y ADICCIONES: UNA MIRADA SISTÉMICA
No full textDrug addiction can be understood as a problem that affects a particular person or as a way in which a familia/ conflict is expressed. This systemic approach enab/es us to see how addiction can become necessary for the maintenance of the Family unit, and how drugs become the only possible response to a more complex and ample family conflict. This article attempts to conduct a revision of literature related to the systemic approach in order to better understand the phenomenon of drug addiction, how it happens, and how it can be necessary for the maintenance of the family system. Key Words:, ,.Las adicciones pueden ser entendidas como un problema que afecta a una persona en particular o como la forma en que se expresa un conflicto al interior de una familia . El enfoque sistémico permite comprender cómo la adicción puede ser necesaria para la mantención del sistema familiar, y cómo se transforma en la única respuesta posible a un conflicto familiar más amplio y complejo. El presente artículo pretende hacer una revisión de la literatura en torno al enfoque sistémico para dar cuenta de cómo ocurre el fenómeno de la adicción a drogas y cómo este puede ser necesario para la mantención del sistema familiar. 
FACTORES CONDICIONANTES Y ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO EN POBLACIÓN HIPERTENSA
No full textArterial hypertension [HTA] has been defined as one of 16 priority health problems in Chile because of high rates of prevalence and its association with cardiovascular morbidity-mortality. It has been proven that effective treatment produces a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular events and stroke. Nevertheless, arterial hypertension is a silent disease and this situation hinders the installation of measures necessary for its contro/. The aim of this study was to conduct a nursing diagnosis in relation to the factors involved in treatment adherence of hypertensive persons being seen in an ambulatory health center in Santiago A descriptive transversal study was done. An instrument was applied with the participants to gather information about the disease's representation, treatment adherence, beliefs related to hypertension and its treatment and literacity. The sample was principally composed of women. The principal problems detected were related to the representation of pharmacological treatment. La hipertensión arterial [HTA] ha sido definida como uno de los 16 problemas prioritarios de salud en Chile debido a sus altas tasas de prevalencia y su asociación con morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Se ha comprobado que un tratamiento efectivo produce una significativa disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a eventos cardiovasculares y cerebro vasculares. Sin embargo, la hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad silenciosa, 10 que dificulta la instalación de las medidas necesarias para su control. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar un diagnóstico de enfermería en relación a los factores involucrados en la adherencia al tratamiento de personas hipertensas en control en un centro de salud ambulatorio de Santiago, para 10 cual se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. A los participantes se les aplicó un instrumento para recolectar información sobre representación de enfermedad, adherencia al tratamiento, creencias relacionadas con la hipertensión y su tratamiento y literacidad. La muestra estuvo formada mayoritariamente por mujeres. Los principales problemas detectados se relacionaron con la representación del tratamiento farmacológic
Epistemología, metodología de investigación y enfermería
No full textNursing is a profession that is enriched by, and has grown from, the knowledge generated through scientific research in the different areas related to its field For this, there are two principal methodological approaches that allow for the studying of the phenomena that we are most interested in understanding. The way in which this knowledge is constructed necessarily changes among the objectivist and the subjectivist paradigms. The aim of the present article is to review the epistemological foundations that guide the different paradigms of nursing research and respond to the nature of the relationship between the researcher and the phenomena under investigation.La enfermería es una profesión que se nutre y crece a partir de los conocimientos generados a través de la investigación científica en las distintas áreas de su quehacer. Para ello, existen dos grandes enfoques metodológicos que permiten estudiar los fenómenos particulares que interesa conocer. El modo de construir este conocimiento necesariamente varía entre los paradigmas objetivistas y los subjetivistas. La finalidad del presente artículo es revisar los fundamentos epistemológicos que guían los distintos paradigmas de investigación en enfermería para responder a la naturaleza de la relación entre el investigador y los fenómenos que se desean investigar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Percepção do Cuidado Centrado na Pessoa e autonomia no cuidado clínico de usuários que convivem com multimorbidade
No full textAim: Promoting autonomy means changing the paternalistic model for one in which people have an active role during health care, which their participation in medical decision-making will reflect. This issue needs to be sufficiently explored in Chile, so this article aims to describe the perception of users living with multimorbidity regarding exercising their autonomy during clinical care. Method: Qualitative case study in a sample of patients with multimorbility from a family health center in Santiago de Chile. Content analysis was performed according to the Krippendorf method. Results: The sample comprised 19 adult participants with an average of 2.7 chronic health conditions. Three categories emerged from the content analysis of the interviews: a) Meaning attributed by users to autonomy in health care, b) Elements that health care that respects user autonomy should consider, and c) Participation during clinical care. Conclusions: Considering the sustained increase in chronic health conditions, it is imperative to rethink how health care is provided, highlighting the value of user participation through shared decision-making as an expression of respect for people's autonomy and the promotion of patient-centered care.Introducción: promover autonomía significa transitar desde un modelo paternalista hacia uno que posicione en un rol activo a las personas durante el encuentro clínico, con participación en la toma de decisiones relativas al cuidado de su salud. Este artículo describe la percepción de usuarios que viven con multimorbilidad respecto del ejercicio de su autonomía durante la atención clínica. Método: estudio de caso cualitativo en usuarios con multimorbilidad atendidos en un centro de salud familiar de Santiago (Chile). Se realizó análisis de contenido según Krippendorf. Resultados: la muestra quedó conformada por 19 participantes adultos con un promedio de 2.7 condiciones crónicas de salud. Del análisis de contenido de las entrevistas emergieron tres categorías: a) significado atribuido por los usuarios a la autonomía en la atención de salud, b) elementos que debe considerar una atención en salud que respete la autonomía del usuario y c) participación durante la atención clínica. Conclusiones: frente al aumento de las condiciones crónicas de salud imperativo repensar la forma de brindar atención de salud, relevando el valor de la participación usuaria a través de la toma de decisiones compartida como expresión de respeto de su autonomía y una forma de fomentar el cuidado centrado en las personas.Objetivo: promover a autonomia significa passar de um modelo paternalista para um que posicione as pessoas num papel ativo durante o encontro clínico, com participação na tomada de decisões relacionadas com os seus cuidados de saúde. Este manuscrito descreve a percepção de usuários que convivem com multimorbidade quanto ao exercício de sua autonomia durante o atendimento clínico. Método: estudo de caso qualitativo em usuários com multimorbidade atendidos em um Centro de Saúde da Família de Santiago, no Chile. A análise de conteúdo foi realizada segundo Krippendorf. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 19 participantes adultos com média de 2,7 condições crônicas de saúde. Da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas emergem três categorias: a) Significado atribuído pelos usuários à autonomia no cuidado em saúde, b) Elementos que um cuidado de saúde que respeite a autonomia do usuário deve considerar e, c) Participação durante o atendimento clínico. Conclusões: face ao aumento das condições crónicas de saúde, é imperativo repensar a forma de prestar cuidados de saúde, destacando o valor da participação dos pacientes através da tomada de decisão partilhada como expressão de respeito pela sua autonomia e forma de promover o cuidado centrado nas pessoas
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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