1,720,983 research outputs found
Redrawing the boundaries: planning and governance of a marine protected area—the case of the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park
No full textMarine Protected Areas (MPAs) shield ocean environments from hazardous human activities, including the extraction of marine resources and excessive urban development. Delimitation, zoning and governance structures are some of the environmental management tools that are provided by MPAs. These management tools may be contentious when human settlements exist within an MPAs’ boundaries, since zoning affects existing human activities and potential developments, and managing structures overlap traditional governance arrangements. Varying perspectives emerge when each stakeholder is taken into consideration separately. Ideally all stakeholders with genuine interests in MPAs should take part in the delimitation, zoning and governance of these areas. However, governance is about reaching agreements amidst differences and is not just a matter of considering differences as singularities. In order to understand how multiple stakeholders would reach a shared environmental governance of an MPA, we took the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park (ECLSP) in The Bahamas as a case study. The ECLSP, created in 1958, is co-managed by the Government of The Bahamas and the Bahamas National Trust (BNT), and contains within its boundaries uninhabited islands, islands occupied by local communities, and private islands mainly owned by foreigners or held in Bahamian trusts. In this study, we conducted an exercise with different stakeholders who were challenged to work together in redrawing the park’s boundaries, zoning and governance structures. Their individual opinions mattered less than the discussion and outcomes of their joint work. We conclude that a shared environmental governance structure does not eliminate all the frictions among stakeholders, but rather it makes them all aware of the natural and social complexities involved in managing MPAs, which improves stewardship and enhances the ECLSP’s legitimacy among stakeholders
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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The Unspoken Narratives of the Empty Quarter
No full textThe desert, commonly understood as a barren and infertile landscape, is not empty. This thesis reads the desert landscape as an archive full of social, economic, and political narratives using the Empty Quarter as a case study. The Empty Quarter, in Arabic Rub al-Khali, stretches across the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula including Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The overarching understanding of deserts as a void has obscured the Empty Quarter’s image as a home to Bedouin tribes and a site of natural resource extraction, agricultural land, and a testing ground for scientific research. Furthermore, the inability to understand the desert ecology is causing current urban processes to be resource intensive as the adjacent cities expand.
By providing a new reading of the desert ecology, this thesis speculates how design and planning in arid regions can mediate between social values, aesthetics, and environmental challenges to arrive at ecological urban development. This thesis draws from multiple sources, including the analysis of archival materials, historic maps, artworks, field observation, myths, and tribal poetry, in order to arrive at a novel understanding of the Empty Quarter’s ecosystem. It is not a void, but rather a space that adjacent cities depend upon to meet the social and material needs of their inhabitants
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Burnt Earth: Whisky Landscapes of a Post-Peat Scotland
No full textPeat is a uniquely carbon-rich soil type, and the bogs where it is found globally sequester twice as much carbon as all the world’s forests. It is also a traditional component of whisky production on the Scottish island of Islay, where smoke from peat-fueled fires imbues grain with a distinct flavor and terroir. Islay and whisky are inextricably linked, but today the island is scarred by trenches where peat has been industrially extracted for global consumption. This thesis explores the remediation of Islay’s destroyed bogland through paludicultural test plots, experimentally growing media for use in the whisky industry and beyond. Exploring the tension between historic preservation and ecological restoration, Islay serves as a case study in adapting cultural practices to address a climate in crisis
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Arrival Lands：For both space pioneers and pioneer species
No full textThis thesis designs a new network of productive public spaces on Shenzhen’s outskirts and within its urban parks. As a rapidly urbanizing city, Shenzhen hosts numerous spontaneous farmlands on its periphery, cultivated by rural migrants lacking secure land tenure. These socio-ecological oases highlight the potential for more resilient use of underutilized urban spaces by humans and non-humans. Unlike typical urban areas with fixed land ownership and assigned programs, these spaces embrace the evolving dynamics of people and environment. My goal is to harness this model, enhance its accessibility for public use (as a form of conservation), and implement it within public parks. By accepting the spontaneity of the prototypes, improving their integration within the urban landscape, and providing public access, their introduction into parks will refresh and revitalize the urban center. Ultimately, this project envisions a network of welcoming Arrival Lands for diverse users within Shenzhen’s dense urban fabric.Department of Landscape Architectur
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Hydrosocial Dynamics: Regenerative Interventions in Neighborhood 20, Buenos Aires, Argentina
No full textThe thesis addresses the hydrological and social injustices faced in Neighborhood 20, one of the largest and oldest informal settlements in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by designing a network of community spaces. It investigates the underlying factors contributing to this vulnerable landscape's emergence and proposes redefining public spaces as a catalyst for ecological urban renewal to tackle flooding and heat island effects. The methodology engages with the various publics to implement a series of artifacts to collect rainwater and mitigate flooding during large storms. The accumulated surplus water will be used to promote community programs and develop urban forestry to mitigate the heat island effect. The project aims to reflect on landscape architecture as a political and social act capable of transforming reality in vulnerable environments through bottom-up processes, contributing to the field by demonstrating the potential of community-driven ecological interventions in informal settlements
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The Oasis Effect: Reclaiming Tunis’s Indigenous Water Systems
No full textThis thesis addresses Tunis’s pressing water management challenges primarily caused by colonialism and ongoing climate change.
It examines Tunis’s development across the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial, concentrating on how future water management can mitigate four key issues: sea level rise and flash floods, rising temperatures, social vulnerability, and habitat preservation.
Historical water management in the Medina of Tunis was effective until colonial urban development since 1881 neglected traditional drainage systems, worsening flash floods.
Inspired by traditional water management, the design proposes urban-scale interventions with canals and neighborhood-scale interventions using the “shallow water dictionary.” This collection of eight historical water management systems, implemented in urban leftovers and open spaces, aims to create vibrant areas for flood control, temperature regulation, and social interaction.
This thesis proposes “Dynamic Zoning” for adaptable space use during floods and droughts. It envisions a commons-based urbanism focused on water to achieve social and ecological harmony, proposing the “Tunis Water Management Trust” to manage and maintain these systems
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