1,720,961 research outputs found
PATIENTS' TRANSCULTURAL NEEDS AND CARERS' ETHICAL RESPONSES
No full textMany Turkish people migrated to Germany between 1955 and 1975. This study was carried out in Gottingen, Germany. Fifty Turkish people (described as patients) were asked about the care they had received from German health care personnel, and 50 German nurses and 50 German physiotherapists were questioned about care they had given to Turkish patients. Significant findings were the needs of the Turkish patients for good communication, physical contact and understanding of their culture-based expressions of illness. The German nurses and physiotherapists expressed the need for language barriers to be minimized and for education in the specific culture of Turkish patients. Our findings are discussed from an ethical viewpoint. The International Council of Nurses' code of ethics is used to guide the ethical debate about the findings within the context of transcultural and multicultural care. Suggestions for better transcultural health care paradigms are made for relating to patients from different cultures when patients and care providers have little understanding of each other's needs and expectations.
Legal and ethical dimensions of organ transplantation: A comparative report from Turkey
No full textAs the debate about organ transplantation continues worldwide, legal regulations are critically important to managing the ongoing process. Issues related to living donors, cadaver donation, economic incentives, brain death, and a variety of factors such as human nature and the sociocultural, religious, and transcultural dimensions make organ donation an important topic in medical ethics. Current debates relate mostly to the prohibition of commercialization and increasing donation on a voluntary basis. Enforcement of the first laws regarding organ and tissue preservation and transplantation began in the 1970s generally and in 1979 in Turkey, which was quite early compared to European countries. Our aim was to identify the divergence points that play a critical role in healthy decisions for organ transplantation. Our hypothesis is that either coercion or 'mis-un-true' informed consent is a possible obstacle. In this study, we analyzed two cases from clinical observation and carried out a small field study relevant to the topic in Turkey. Legislative limitations and authentic viewpoints are discussed in a comparative manner and a global context. In different parts of the world, sociocultural, transcultural, religious, and economic factors, hidden coercion, or mis-un-true informed consent might cause some vulnerable members of families to donate organs involuntarily or vice versa. These issues create ethical dilemmas and also a basis for legislative discussions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HISTORY OF CARCINOID AND PATHOLOGY
No full textThe famous pathologist Siegfried Oberndorfer was born in Munich, Germany, in 1876, studied medicine at the University of Munich, and became the youngest Jewish physician to be appointed to its faculty (1907). He carried out innovative studies in the fields of pathology and evolution of carcinoid as the chair of the Department of Experimental Pathology at the University of Istanbul in Turkey, where he was a Jewish refugee escaping from the political situation in Germany before the Second World War with the rise of Nazism. This paper deals with Oberndorfer's very valuable contributions to the Department of Pathology of Istanbul University in Turkey and seeks to confirm his well-deserved place in the universal medical field of pathology and discovery of the carcinoid tumour
Informed Consent, Surrogate Decision Makers, Conflict of Autonomy and the Paternalistic Approach: A Case Report From Turkey
No full textFetuses With Neural Tube Defects: Ethical Approaches and the Role of Health Care Professionals in Turkish Health Care Institutions
No full textNeural tube defects (NTDs) are very serious malformations for the fetus, causing either low life expectancy or a chance of survival only with costly and difficult surgical interventions. In western countries the average prevalence is 1/1000-2000 and in Turkey it is 4/1000. The aim of the study was to characterize ethical approaches at institutional level to the fetus with an NTD and the mother, and the role of health care professionals in four major centers in Turkey. The authors chose perinatology units of four university hospitals and prepared questionnaires for the responsible professionals concerning their own and their institution's ethical approaches to the fetus with an NTD and the mother. The investigation revealed that there were no institutional ethical frameworks or ethics committees available to professional teams in the units. The roles of the health care professionals and their individual decisions and approaches based on ethical principles are described. The ethical decision-making process concerning fetuses with NTDs, examples of institutional approaches to the topic and institutional frameworks, and the role of nurses and other health care professionals are all discussed, based on a literature review. The authors suggest that institutional ethical frameworks, ethics committees, professionals' ethics education and multidisciplinary teamwork should be established for critical situations such as fetuses with an NTD
Nursing Care of Elderly People at Home and Ethical Implications: An Experience From Istanbul
No full textElderly people are a particularly vulnerable group in society and have special health problems. The world population of older people is increasing. People who are 65 years or older constitute 6% of the Turkish population, 90% of whom have chronic health problems. In Turkey, there is a high possibility that elderly people's requirements are not met by today's health care system in the way they would wish. They prefer not to be hospitalized when they have health problems. From a wider perspective, various countries are still seeking how to provide the best care for elderly people. Our goal was to characterize home-based care for elderly people using an ethical approach as an area of interest for nurses and other health care professionals now and in the future, both for Turkey specifically and from a global perspective. We studied four case histories and then prepared a composite scenario and a short questionnaire for elderly people living in a specific district of Istanbul to evaluate their expectations from the health care system. We compared our findings with situations in other countries and have proposed some practical solutions. The results showed that these older people preferred to receive nursing care at home instead of in hospital in Turkey, and also in many other countries. In this article we discuss our findings, comparing them with those in the literature, and suggest that there should be nursing care at home with insurance coverage while using a proper ethical approach
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