1,720,961 research outputs found
An innovative approach for the biological risk management on-board ships during COVID-19 crisis
Full text linkThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19), due to the limited supply of vaccines, put a strain on world- wide economy, also on the maritime sector. As a result, the adoption of non-pharmaceutical inter- ventions to limit the biological agent’s spread became fundamental. Such preventing actions can be performed in accordance with various International and National Regulations even though not specifically issued for the maritime sector. In this context, the authors introduce a new methodol- ogy for biological risk management on-board ships using a qualitative risk matrix. Moreover, with respect to the traditional approach, an importance weight scale was added, in order to classify the different on-board activities. To perform a comparative analysis between the new and the traditional approach, a case study based on a cargo ship was carried out
Ship design assessment through virtual prototypes
Full text linkAbstract
The traditional design process has been developed, through time, by trial and error, following an evolutive approach. By following this procedure,
the design team focused its attention on only one conceptual design alternative at a time, which is perfected step by step until the expected
outcome is obtained. Nevertheless nowadays, due to the high complexity of ships and increasingly stringent operational requirements, this
approach appears to be obsolete in a market where cost and time reduction is a fundamental parameter. Indeed, to be competitive in the
shipbuilding market, very accurate information should be available since the beginning of the process, to allow the design team a 360-degree
exploration of a high number of alternatives and then identify the best design solution in no time.
In this paper a new, rational, design process, necessary to raise efficiency and effectiveness of ship design, is presented. By using a multi-purpose
design software, the authors were able to create a Virtual Prototype of a case study ship with ease and little training, obtaining, since early-stage
design phases, some outputs of interest (such as longitudinally weight distribution of ship structures, preliminary midship section, GZ curves and
powering curves) without great computational efforts. The most important benefit of using only one multipurpose software instead of multiple
specific ones lies in the elimination of remarking activities for switching from one software to another, reducing loss of data’s risks during the
process
Performance In-Live of Marine Engines: A Tool for Its Evaluation
Full text linkCurrently, most ships use internal combustion engines (ICEs) either as propulsion engines
or generator sets. The growing concern in environmental protection along with the consequent
international rule framework motivated shipowners and designers to replace conventional power
systems in order to mitigate pollutant emissions. Therefore, manufacturers have made available on
the market many technological solutions to use alternative fuels (Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG,
methanol, etc.). However, the main energy source is still fossil fuel, so almost all the ICEs are made
up of turbocharged diesel engines (TDEs). TDEs have still the potential to improve their efficiency
and reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In particular, the interpretation of Industry 4.0
given by manufacturers enabled the installation of a robust network of sensors on TDEs, which is
able to allow reliable power management systems and make ships much more efficient regarding
operating costs (fuel consumption and maintenance) and environmental footprint. In this paper,
a software tool that is capable of processing the in-live performance of TDEs is described. The great
novelty consists in the ability to process all the information detected by the sensor network in-live
and dynamically optimize TDEs’ operation, whereas the common practice involves the collection of
performance data and their off-line processing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identification of measures to contain the outbreaks on passenger ships using pedestrian simulations
Full text link: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, since the beginning of 2020, has had a strong effect on many industry sectors including maritime transport. In this context, the passenger transport industry was the most affected and it is still in a very critical situation. Starting from the "No Sail Order" issued in March 2020, cruise companies stopped their operations. Besides the international regulatory bodies issued several guidelines for the prevention and management of pandemics onboard in order to safely resume cruises. The present work addresses this topic, aiming to discuss procedures and best practices to reduce the risk of uncontrolled spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection on large cruise vessels. Starting from the lessons learned from the representative case of Diamond Princess, here the tools developed in the framework of Industry 4.0 have been used to highlight and handle the criticalities risen on the internal layout of passenger vessels, opening new opportunities to operate existing vessels and improve the design new buildings for outbreaks prevention and control
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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