1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Caring in crisis: The experiences of local faith leaders meeting community food needs in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkBackground: Unintended consequences from public health measures have inspired a wave of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Philippines, where extensive and strict community quarantines exacerbated food insecurity, countless individuals, organizations, and institutions reached out to care for those most affected. International Care Ministries (ICM), a Philippines- and faith-based non-governmental organization (NGO), responded by mobilizing resources through its Rapid Emergencies and Disasters Intervention (REDI), a program which functions through a broad network of volunteer faith leaders local to the areas ICM works. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of faith leaders caring for their communities through REDI involvement during the pandemic with the aim to inform the program moving forward.
Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 REDI faith leaders remotely via Skype in Negros Occidental, Philippines between November 2020 and January 2021. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Ethics of care provided theoretical framing for the study. Thus, the efforts of faith leaders were understood as a type of care work, and ethics of care broadly informed study design, data analysis, and research presentation.
Results: Faith leaders practiced care for community members through REDI by navigating care responsibilities, leveraging relationships, and engaging holistically with the care work. That is, faith leaders were greatly motivated to meet community food needs, drew on a depth of commitment and creativity to accomplish tasks, reached out to personal relations to elicit and provide support with care tasks, navigated a range of complex circumstances and emotions with optimism, and offered emotional and spiritual care alongside material aid.
Conclusion: Participant narratives emphasized the integral roles of responsibility, relationality, and emotion to the care work. The accounts of faith leaders also highlighted contextual elements of their care practice; namely, the humanitarian setting, partnership with ICM, positionality as local faith leaders, and locatedness in the Philippines. Further, their experiences revealed the inherently complex nature of care. This study expands and complicates our understanding of care by examining an under explored form of care work within ethics of care. In addition, findings bring visibility to the efforts of faith leaders in humanitarian crises
The Freedom to Choose: Sustainable livelihoods and (im)mobility decisions among youth in rural Honduras
Full text linkBackground: Youth living in remote communities of Honduras face considerable barriers to establishing sustainable livelihoods, with implications for their well-being. In response to these barriers, many rural youth migrate internally or internationally. Existing literature provides meaningful insight into how livelihood instability in Honduras shapes the push and pull factors for migration; however, there is limited understanding of how rural youth navigate their livelihood options and (im)mobility decisions.
Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to explore livelihood opportunities, aspirations, and choices among youth from two rural municipalities of Honduras. These topics are investigated through 1) an evaluation of youth-targeted programming offered by one Honduran non-governmental organization (La Fundación para la Investigación Participativa con Agricultores de Honduras: FIPAH); and 2) an exploration of the factors influencing (im)mobility choices among youth respondents, including an examination of FIPAH’s role in these decisions.
Methods: Using participatory methods, demographic information was collected on 1596 former participants in FIPAH’s youth programming, and qualitative interviews were conducted with 94 current and former participants. These data were analyzed through a realist lens to inform the findings from a participatory impact evaluation of FIPAH’s program. In-depth, follow-up interviews were conducted with 32 youth to further examine livelihood aspirations and choices. (Im)mobility outcomes were analyzed using the aspiration-capability framework. Findings were interpreted with insights from the Capabilities Approach to development.
Results: FIPAH provided an enabling environment for capability expansion among rural youth by fostering an inclusive space in which youth broke down gender divisions and built solidarity. Youth developed skills in teamwork and leadership by jointly contributing toward community development initiatives. Youth also identified personal and professional interests by actively engaging in the diverse activities made available through the program. Youth who were practicing immobility described how taking advantage of FIPAH’s program, alongside other rural opportunities, facilitated their capabilities to stay in rural areas. They positioned themselves as agents of their immobility decisions, creatively navigating rural livelihood options in order to establish lives that they considered valuable and dignified.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into both structural- and individual-level factors shaping livelihood opportunities, aspirations, and choices among youth from remote areas of Honduras. The evaluation findings illustrate effective youth programming strategies in low resource settings, and contribute to the literature on positive approaches to youth development. Explanations of participants’ (im)mobility decisions inform an understanding of migration flows in and from Honduras and contribute to the literature on immobility preferences and practices. Overall, this thesis reveals various factors affecting the well-being of rural youth in Honduras and can be used to support their flourishing
Connecting gender and social networks to explore health service access and use in Negros Occidental, Philippines: A qualitative study
Full text linkBackground: In early 2019, the Universal Health Care Bill was signed into law in the Philippines with the intention of enabling all citizens to access a comprehensive range of health care services without bearing costs. To ensure the success of this reform, it is critical to understand how individual- and structural-level factors influence health system navigation among individuals that have historically had difficulty accessing and using health care services. Among Filipina women experiencing poverty, there is limited understanding of the social, cultural, and financial factors that enable and hinder health care access and use throughout the lifespan. By understanding how gender interacts with the by-products of social networks to shape health care access among women, there is an opportunity to inform programs delivered by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the context of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) implementation.
Research question: The purpose of this thesis is to 1) describe health care access and use among women experiencing extreme poverty, 2) investigate how gender and social networks interacted and influence health care access among young, middle-aged, and older adult women experiencing poverty, and 3) describe how health care providers accommodate and care for populations experiencing poverty in Negros Occidental, Philippines.
Methods: This project was built on a collaboration with a Philippine-based NGO, International Cares Ministries (ICM). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants (n=35) and health care providers (n=15) in seven communities in Negros Occidental, Philippines. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to report basic demographic information. A hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis was applied to identify and explore emerging themes. The Patient Centred Access to Health Care framework and Life Course Theory were used to guide the hybrid thematic analysis.
Results: Three main themes were identified to describe the stages that women encountered when accessing and using health care services: 1) characterizing pre-departure access factors; 2) identifying health care utilization factors; and 3) characterizing post-care health outcomes. Notably, health care access pathways varied among different age cohorts. Younger women prioritized the health of their children, and connected with their immediate families and relatives for social and financial support. Unlike other age cohorts, middle-aged and older adult women connected with governmental agencies and neighbours and had financial support from their children to cover their medical care costs. A fourth theme emerged which provided insights on how health care providers responded to the needs of their patients, and the challenges they encountered when delivering care.
Discussion and conclusion: Affordability acts as a persistent access barrier to reaching and engaging in health care services among women experiencing poverty in the Philippines. Findings indicate that women may have varying degrees of social support from their personal and external networks throughout their lifespan that can contribute to the availability of social and financial resources, which may enable or hinder their access to health care services. This information is important to consider in light of recent efforts in the Philippines and in other low- and middle-income countries to implement UHC that is equitable and gender-responsive
Examining the relationship of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) with wasting and stunting status among children experiencing poverty in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground: In the Philippines, poverty is one of the main risk factors driving acute (wasting) and chronic (stunting) undernutrition among children. Previous research has pointed to the potential of social protection and conditional cash transfer programs to support the nutritional outcomes of children by improving the underlying determinants of health and nutrition. One such conditional cash transfer program in the Philippines is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), which serves as the main social protection program in the country and aims to improve health and educational outcomes of children experiencing poverty.
Objectives: The conditionalities and entitlements from 4Ps has the potential to support the nutrition of children in participating households. Moreover, recognizing the similarities and differences in the drivers of and prevention approaches for wasting and stunting, it is important to understand the association of this conditional cash transfer program with these conditions. In collaboration with International Care Ministries (ICM), the objective of this study was to understand the association between household enrollment in 4Ps with wasting status and stunting status among children experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines.
Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on cross-sectional survey data from ICM participants. A sample of 3,005 children aged between 6 months to 12 years were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of children from households enrolled and not enrolled in 4Ps, as well as children who were wasted and stunted. Two multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between household enrolment in 4Ps with wasting status and stunting status.
Results: Results from the descriptive statistics indicated that children in households enrolled in 4Ps had household heads with fewer years of education and more household members. In addition, there were no differences between the wealth and food insecurity of children from households enrolled and not enrolled in 4Ps. The regression modelling showed that there was no association between household enrollment in 4Ps and wasting status in children (adjusted OR=1.05; 95% CI=0.79-1.39). Conversely, household enrollment in 4Ps was significantly associated with stunting status (adjusted OR=0.50; CI=0.31-0.78), but this effect was moderated by geography type. Among children from households enrolled in 4Ps living in urban mountains, the odds of stunting were higher by a factor of 2.48 (95% CI=1.32-4.61) compared to children from households enrolled in 4Ps living in coastal areas. Similarly, children from households enrolled in 4Ps living in rural plains had higher odds of stunting by a factor of 2.24 (95% CI=1.30-3.82) compared to children from households enrolled in 4Ps living in coastal plains.
Conclusion: This cross-sectional study provides insight on the potential association of 4Ps with wasting and stunting among children. Findings indicate that 4Ps may not be able to address the underlying drivers of wasting. The results for wasting are consistent with previous research evaluating the relationship between 4Ps and wasting, but are different in contrast to the observed effects of unconditional cash transfers on wasting in different contexts. The effect moderation of geography type between the relationship of household enrollment in 4Ps and stunting in children may suggest that program benefits from 4Ps are not equitably distributed or that underlying risk factors may differ across different areas in the Philippines. The findings for stunting are aligned with previous research that have seen variation in the effects of 4Ps across different communities in the Philippines. Overall, these findings highlight implications for increasing adaptive capacity in 4Ps, ensuring an equivalent increase in supply-side resources, and integrating direct nutritional treatment to maximize the impact that this program can have on improving the nutritional outcomes of children experiencing poverty
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