7,330 research outputs found
Data on the transcriptional regulation of DNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) by ERK5/MEF2B pathway in lung cancer cells
No full textAbstractThe data included in this article are associated with the article entitled “DNA-damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) is upregulated via ERK5/MEF2B signaling and promotes β-catenin-mediated invasion” (J.Y. Im, S.H. Yoon, B.K. Kim, H.S. Ban, K.J. Won, K.S. Chung, K.E. Jung, M. Won) [1]. Quantitative RT-PCR data revealed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) suppresses DDIAS transcription in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in Hela cells. p300 did not interact with myocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B), a downstream target of ERK5 and affect transcription of DDIAS. Moreover, DDIAS transcription is activated by ERK5/MEF2B signaling on EGF exposure in the non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) NCI-H1703 and NCI-H1299. DDIAS knockdown suppresses lung cancer cell invasion by decreasing β-catenin protein level on EGF exposure
Optogenetic protein clustering through fluorescent protein tagging and extension of CRY2
Get PDFProtein homo-oligomerization is an important molecular mechanism in many biological processes. Therefore, the ability to control protein homo-oligomerization allows the manipulation and interrogation of numerous cellular events. To achieve this, cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) from Arabidopsis thaliana has been recently utilized for blue light-dependent spatiotemporal control of protein homo-oligomerization. However, limited knowledge on molecular characteristics of CRY2 obscures its widespread applications. Here, we identify important determinants for efficient cryptochrome 2 clustering and introduce a new CRY2 module, named ''CRY2clust'', to induce rapid and efficient homo-oligomerization of target proteins by employing diverse fluorescent proteins and an extremely short peptide. Furthermore, we demonstrate advancement and versatility of CRY2clust by comparing against previously reported optogenetic tools. Our work not only expands the optogenetic clustering toolbox but also provides a guideline for designing CRY2-based new optogenetic modules. © 2017 The Author(s)1461Nsciescopu
Optogenetic toolkit reveals the role of Ca2+ sparklets in coordinated cell migration
No full textCell migration is controlled by various Ca2+ signals. Local Ca2+ signals, in particular, have been identified as versatile modulators of cell migration because of their spatiotemporal diversity. However, little is known about how local Ca2+ signals coordinate between the front and rear regions in directionally migrating cells. Here, we elucidate the spatial role of local Ca2+ signals in directed cell migration through combinatorial application of an optogenetic toolkit. An optically guided cell migration approach revealed the existence of Ca2+ sparklets mediated by L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the rear part of migrating cells. Notably, we found that this locally concentrated Ca2+ influx acts as an essential transducer in establishing a global front-to-rear increasing Ca2+ gradient. This asymmetrical Ca2+ gradient is crucial for maintaining front-rear morphological polarity by restricting spontaneous lamellipodia formation in the rear part of migrating cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a clear link between local Ca2+ sparklets and front-rear coordination during directed cell migration.1991Nsciescopu
Prediction and validation of the transverse mechanical behavior of unidirectional composites considering interfacial debonding through convolutional neural networks
No full textIn this work, we propose a prediction model of the transverse mechanical behavior of unidirectional (UD) composites containing complex microstructure with the help of a convolutional neural network (CNN). For this prediction, a total of 900 representative volume elements (RVE) samples were generated by constructing 300 RVEs for each V-f of 40%, 50%, and 60% with the random sequential expansion (RSE) algorithm. The stress-strain (S-S) curves in terms of transverse elastic modulus, transverse tensile strength, and toughness considering interphase debonding were obtained by a finite element (FE) simulation with the RVE samples. After converting FE models with 900 RVE samples to corresponding microstructural binary images, CNN modeling was employed to construct a prediction model on the microstructural images. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed CNN model, we predicted the transverse mechanical behavior in terms of the S-S curves on various test datasets. Prediction accuracy was verified in terms of the loss functions and the error of the S-S curve. The prediction results were in excellent agreement with the test datasets, and the transverse mechanical behavior was quickly predicted for other microstructures. This confirmed that the proposed CNN model is simple and powerful and can efficiently clarify the relationship between the microstructure and transverse mechanical behavior of UD composites.
Optogenetic protein clustering through fluorescent protein tagging and extension of CRY2
Get PDFAbstractProtein homo-oligomerization is an important molecular mechanism in many biological processes. Therefore, the ability to control protein homo-oligomerization allows the manipulation and interrogation of numerous cellular events. To achieve this, cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) from Arabidopsis thaliana has been recently utilized for blue light-dependent spatiotemporal control of protein homo-oligomerization. However, limited knowledge on molecular characteristics of CRY2 obscures its widespread applications. Here, we identify important determinants for efficient cryptochrome 2 clustering and introduce a new CRY2 module, named ‘‘CRY2clust’’, to induce rapid and efficient homo-oligomerization of target proteins by employing diverse fluorescent proteins and an extremely short peptide. Furthermore, we demonstrate advancement and versatility of CRY2clust by comparing against previously reported optogenetic tools. Our work not only expands the optogenetic clustering toolbox but also provides a guideline for designing CRY2-based new optogenetic modules.</jats:p
Strength measurement of a brittle coating with a trilayer structure using instrumented indentation and in situ observation techniques
No full textA mechanical-testing method, devised to measure the strength of brittle thin coatings with a trilayer structure, was investigated. A semi-empirical relationship among radial cracking and associated parameters was derived by introducing a buffer and coating layer with an effective thickness concept, extending the established bilayer equation. Adjustable parameters of the proposed trilayer equation were determined for various ratios of coating thicknesses and moduli. The validity of the FEA-based relationship was analyzed by an experimental method utilizing a graphite/glass/substrate structure. An in situ observation of radial cracks through the transparent substrate during sphere indentation enabled the determination of the strength of the thin coating layer. Chemical vapour-deposited silicon carbide films were used to evaluate the strength and Weibull modulus using the present technique, in a case study format. The validity of the trilayer equation in terms of critical load for radial cracking and the strength of the thin brittle coating are discussed. This study can contribute to knowledge in the area of evaluating brittle thin coating systems on a compliant substrate.Thanks are due to Jong Hoon Park, Won Ju Kim, Ji Yeon Park and Young Woo
Lee for their support with SiC coating fabrication and useful discussions. This work
was supported by a grant from the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute,
through the Nuclear Hydrogen Development and Demonstration Program and by
the Brain Korea 21 Program through Korean Ministry of Education
Intensiometric biosensors visualize the activity of multiple small GTPases in vivo
Get PDFRas and Rho small GTPases are critical for numerous cellular processes including cell division, migration, and intercellular communication. Despite extensive efforts to visualize the spatiotemporal activity of these proteins, achieving the sensitivity and dynamic range necessary for in vivo application has been challenging. Here, we present highly sensitive intensiometric small GTPase biosensors visualizing the activity of multiple small GTPases in single cells in vivo. Red-shifted sensors combined with blue light-controllable optogenetic modules achieved simultaneous monitoring and manipulation of protein activities in a highly spatiotemporal manner. Our biosensors revealed spatial dynamics of Cdc42 and Ras activities upon structural plasticity of single dendritic spines, as well as a broad range of subcellular Ras activities in the brains of freely behaving mice. Thus, these intensiometric small GTPase sensors enable the spatiotemporal dissection of complex protein signaling networks in live animals. © 2019, The Author(s)11Nsciescopu
Optogenetic control of mRNA localization and translation in live cells
No full textDespite efforts to visualize the spatio–temporal dynamics of single messenger RNAs, the ability to precisely control their function has lagged. This study presents an optogenetic approach for manipulating the localization and translation of specific mRNAs by trapping them in clusters. This clustering greatly amplified reporter signals, enabling endogenous RNA–protein interactions to be clearly visualized in single cells. Functionally, this sequestration reduced the ability of mRNAs to access ribosomes, markedly attenuating protein synthesis. A spatio–temporally resolved analysis indicated that sequestration of endogenous β-actin mRNA attenuated cell motility through the regulation of focal-adhesion dynamics. These results suggest a mechanism highlighting the indispensable role of newly synthesized β-actin protein for efficient cell migration. This platform may be broadly applicable for use in investigating the spatio–temporal activities of specific mRNAs in various biological processes.11Nsciescopu
Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'Eva, Kim, Vasil'Ev, Ko & Won, 2016, new species
No full text<i>Cobitis nalbanti,</i> new species <p>(Figs. 5–6; Table 3)</p> <p> <i>Cobitis taenia lutheri</i> (not of Rendahl, 1935): Kim, 1980: 240; Kim & Son, 1984: 53, 54. Ueno <i>et al.</i>, 1985: 540.</p> <p> <i>Cobitis lutheri</i> (not of Rendahl, 1935): Kim, 1986: 945 (partim?); Kim & Lee, 1988: 94; Kim, 1997: 307; Kim <i>et al.</i>, 1999: 378 (partim, Fig. 7); Nalbant <i>et al.</i>, 2001: 281 (partim); Kim & Park, 2002: 224 (partim); Kim, 2009: 10 (partim).</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> ZMMU P-23896, male, 89.2 mm TL, 74 mm SL, South Korea, Cheongmi River, Chonggok-ri, Yulmyeon, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do (Han River drainage), 10 October 2014, collector Myeong-Hun Ko.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> ZMMU P-23897, one female 107 mm TL, 91.5 mm SL, collected with holotype; EWNHM 80336- 80338, EWNHM 80339-80344, 9 females, 80.7–111.9 mm TL, 67.9–94.0 mm SL, collected with holotype; EWNHM 80345-80346, two males, 87.6–88.0 mm TL, 71.5–72.6 mm SL, collected with holotype; EWNHM 80347-80367, 14 males, 7 females, 72.5–115.0 mm TL, 59.6–96.4 mm SL, South Korea, Geumdang River, Deoksan-ri, Buknae-myeon, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do (Han River drainage), 14 September 2014, collector Myeong-Hun Ko.</p> <p> <b>Non-type specimens.</b> ZMMU P-23898, one male, one female, South Korea, Baekgok River, Sasong-ri, Baekgok-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do [Geum (=Keum) River drainage], 27 November 2013, collector Myeong-Hun Ko.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A species of <i>Cobitis</i> with a wide, ovoid <i>lamina circularis</i>, rounded scales with a large, slightlydisplaced focal zone (its diameter about 48–63% of scale diameter), a relatively long, protruded snout (usually greater than 42% of head length), the suborbital spine not reaching the center of the eye, the mandibular barbel not reaching the anterior edge of the eye; usually 12–14 dark brown blotches in the fourth Gambetta’s zone; a single elongated black spot at the upper part of the caudal-fin base; the only streak on the head running from the tip of snout to the nape, across the eye; 2n = 48–51; NF = 66.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Dorsal-fin rays iii 7 ½, anal-fin rays iii 5 ½, pectoral-rays i (7)8 (7 rays found in 11.1% examined specimens), V i (5)6 (five rays—2.8%), C i 14 (16) i (16 rays—2.8%), Vertebrae 41–44 (42.5±0.86). The holotype has D iii 7 ½, A iii 5 ½, P i 7, V i 6, C i 14 i. Morphometric characters of the holotype and paratypes are presented in Table 3.</p> <p> Body elongated, laterally compressed. Adult females and males can reach 94 mm and 77.1 mm SL, respectively (Table 3). Head elongated, compressed, with upper profile convex. Eyes moderate in size, superiorly located; interorbital space narrow, convex. Snout relatively long, its length usually (over 80%) more than 42% of head length. Suborbital spine bifid, thick, slightly curved, not reaching center of eye. Mouth small, inferior, with fleshy lips; lower lip divided in two well developed parts, its mental lobes a little longer than rest of folded portion. Short rostral, maxillary and mandibular barbels; mandibular barbel not reaching anterior edge of eye. Caudal peduncle shorter than head, well compressed, with poorly developed fleshy keels on dorsal and ventral sides. Pectoral fin elongated in males, the first ray not more elongated than others, not filamentous (Fig. 5). <i>Lamina circularis</i> at base of second pectoral-fin ray in adult males with wide, elongated, ovoid plate, reaching 5th to10th segments of attached ray (Fig. 6 b). Pelvic fin originating slightly behind origin of dorsal fin. Body covered with small scales; scales at dorsal-fin base rounded, with a large, slightly displaced focal zone; diameter of this zone about 48–63% of scale diameter (Fig. 6 a).</p> <p>Coloration in alcohol. Background coloration light beige in preserved individuals. Head with small darkbrown speckles on dorsal and lateral sides; a single stripe on head extending from tip of snout to nape, across eye. Gambetta’s zones of pigmentation nearly complete; first zone, at middle of back, represented by large dark brown spots with variable shape, surrounded by small brown speckles. Second zone consists of large, horizontally elongated brown spots; in males, these spots partially or completely merged in a wide streak extending from head to caudal-fin base. Third zone comprised of small dark brown speckles. Fourth zone, at middle of body side, represented by large dark brown blotches, square or elongated; their number in type specimens varying from 10 to 14, average values for 16 examined males and 17 females are 12.4±0.89 and 12.6±1.33, respectively. Two spots at caudal-fin base: a vivid elongated black spot at upper part of caudal-fin base, formed by two pigment layers (dermal layer and deeper layer), and a brown spot of irregular shape at lower part of caudal-fin base, visible in dermal pigment layer only (according to Saitoh & Aizawa, 1987) and appears as a continuation of fourth Gambetta’s zone (Fig. 5) [its belonging to this zone was demonstrated on the picture in Kim (1980: fig. 1)]. Dorsal fin with dark brown pigmentation along rays, caudal fin with elongated brown spots along rays, forming 4–6 transversal lines; small brown speckles scattered on pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins.</p> <p>Character Holotype Paratypes (16 males) Paratypes (17 females)</p> <p> Range Mean+SD Range Mean+SD Sexual dimorphism. Females with usually larger, slenderer body than males. Males with <i>lamina circularis</i> at base of second pectoral fin ray, elongated pectoral and pelvic fins, and a slightly deeper dorsal fin (Table 3). During the spawning season, dark spots and blotches in second and fourth Gambetta’s zones in adult males usually merging with each other, forming two broad dark stripes.</p> <p>Interpopulation variability. In comparison to our results, specimens examined by Kim (1980) are characterized by lower total number of vertebrae (39–41), a slightly deeper body (15.8–18.3 % SL), and a shorter snout (34.3– 46.6 % of head length). Probably, some of these differences result from the mixed nature of the sample studied by Kim (1980), comprised of males and females, and/or the size variability of characters, because the largest male and female in Kim’s material were only 65.7 and 81.5 mm SL, respectively, with smaller specimens predominant. Kim (1980) reported 10–18 dark-brown blotches in the fourth Gambetta’s zone; certainly he included the blotch at the lower part of the caudal fin base in this number.</p> <p>The karyotype includes 15–17 meta- and submetacentric chromosomes, and 32–36 subtelo- and acrocentrics in specimens with 2n=49–51, NF=66 (Table 1). However, Kim & Lee (1988) reported the variability of the total chromosome number from 48 to 51, NF=66; the karyotype with 2n=48 was not described.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name <i>nalbanti</i> is in honor of Romanian ichthyologist Theodor Nalbant, who made a great contribution to the taxonomy of a number of groups of fishes, including family Cobitidae, particularly in Korea.</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution.</b> <i>Cobitis nalbanti</i> is most probably endemic to rivers flowing into the Yellow Sea in the central Korean Peninsula. Material used in this study was collected in the Han and Geum rivers; our preliminary molecular phylogenetic studies (unpublished) demonstrated populations in rivers geographically between the Han and Geum rivers and in the Mangyeong River (south of Geum River) to be conspecific. <b>Common names</b>. Nalbant’s spined loach (proposed English name); jum-jool-jong-geh [점줄종개] (Korea). <b>Comparative remarks.</b> <i>Cobitis nalbanti</i> noticeably differs from its three congeners in South Korea by its color pattern, the shape of <i>lamina circularis</i>, and some morphometric characters (interorbital distance, barbel length, eye diameter). <i>Cobitis choii</i> has elongated knife-shaped <i>lamina circularis</i> with serrated edge; both males and females of <i>C. tetralineata</i> Kim, Park & Nalbant possess three to four dark-brown stripes on mid-lateral part of the body (Kim & Park, 2002; Kim, 2009). <i>Cobitis hankugensis</i> Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant has ovoid blotches in the fourth Gambetta’s zone, and a shorter interorbital distance (11–14% of head length) (Kim, 2009) versus rectangular blotches and a longer interorbital distance (14–19%) in <i>C. nalbanti</i>; additionally, the mandibular barbel in <i>C. hankugensis</i> is slightly longer than the eye diameter, whereas in <i>C. nalbanti</i> the mandibular barbel is significantly shorter (Table 3). Each of these four <i>Cobitis</i> species is confirmed as an independent phylogenetic lineage by a recent molecular phylogenetic study (Perdices <i>et al.</i>, 2016).</p> <p> <i>Cobitis nalbanti</i> has been identified as <i>C. lutheri</i> prior to this study (Kim, 1980, 1986, 2009; Kim <i>et al.</i>, 1999; Nalbant <i>et al.</i>, 2001; Kim & Park, 2002). Besides the pronounced karyological differences, <i>C. nalbanti</i> differs from <i>C. lutheri</i> by the following characters: a single dark stripe on the head, across the eye in <i>C. nalbanti</i> (vs. the presence of additional suborbital stripe and two dark stripes on the opercle in <i>C. lutheri</i>), an elongated snout (vs. obtuse snout), the suborbital spine not reaching the center of the eye (vs. often reaching or sometimes extending behind the center of the eye), the mandibular barbel not reaching the anterior edge of the eye (vs. often reaching or sometimes extending behind the anterior edge of the eye), the larger number of blotches in the fourth Gambetta’s zone (usually 12 or more vs. usually fewer than 12), and the absence of the second developed spot at the lower part of the caudal fin base (vs. two developed dark spots at the caudal fin base).</p>Published as part of <i>Vasil'Eva, Ekaterina D., Kim, Daemin, Vasil'Ev, Victor P., Ko, Myeong-Hun & Won, Yong-Jin, 2016, Cobitis nalbanti, a new species of spined loach from South Korea, and redescription of Cobitis lutheri (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 577-591 in Zootaxa 4208 (6)</i> on pages 586-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/215094">http://zenodo.org/record/215094</a>
sj-pdf-1-mrj-10.1177_00222437211050351 - Supplemental material for Home-Tutoring Services Assisted with Technology: Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence Using a Randomized Field Experiment
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mrj-10.1177_00222437211050351 for Home-Tutoring Services Assisted
with Technology: Investigating
the Role of Artificial Intelligence
Using a Randomized Field Experiment by Jun Hyung Kim, Minki Kim, Do Won Kwak and Sol Lee in Journal of Marketing Research</p
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