85 research outputs found
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Dye by g-C3N4/TiO2 Nanocomposite: Role of Shape of TiO2
No full textEnhanced photodegradation of RhB dye by using synthesized g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite having different shapes of TiO2, showing role of shape of TiO2 in photodegradation has been demonstrated in this present work. As TiO2 has a wide band gap of 3.2 eV and utilize energy of radiations of only UV region of light, so has some limitations as a photocatalyst. To improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 we have incorporated g-C3N4, a visible light active photocatalyst. The TiO2 nanoparticles with different shapes (Nanorods, Nanospheres, and Nanotubes) were prepared by different methods. The g-C3N4 was prepared by pyrolysis of Urea. The g-C3N4/TiO2 composites were prepared by stirring g-C3N4and pre-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles. The ratio of g-C3N4 and TiO2 nanoparticles is 1:1. On performing photocatalytic experiment we have found that the degradation of RhB dye under visible light irradiation has been increased remarkably upon incorporation of g-C3N4 with different shapes of TiO2. Also, shape of TiO2 has a remarkable effect in photodegradation. The best degradation performance of ∼97% was obtained from g-C3N4/TiO2 (Nanorods) composite. Although, degradation efficiency of composite of other shapes of TiO2 (Nanospheres and Nanotubes) with g-C3N4 were also found to be greater than that of g-C3N4/TiO2 (P25) composite. Results from UV–Vis absorption study, X-ray Diffraction studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that the improvement in photocatalytic activity of composite is due to decrease in band gap energy and increased light absorption in visible region. Also there is an increase in electron hole separation efficiency due to effectual interfacial transfer of electron between g-C3N4 and TiO2 (NR, NS, NT) of g-C3N4/TiO2 composites. The BET surface area analyzer, HRTEM, FESEM and Electron Diffraction studies with Color mapping indicate successful incorporation of g-C3N4 with TiO2 in the composites. Results from scavenger study indicate that electron and superoxide ions act as main reactive species in photodegradation of RhB dye by the composite
EXTERNAL PHOTOEVAPORATION OF THE SOLAR NEBULA: JUPITER's NOBLE GAS ENRICHMENTS
No full textabstract: We present a model explaining the elemental enrichments in Jupiter's atmosphere, particularly the noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe. While He, Ne, and O are depleted, seven other elements show similar enrichments (~3 times solar, relative to H). Being volatile, Ar is difficult to fractionate from H[subscript 2]. We argue that external photoevaporation by far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from nearby massive stars removed H[subscript 2], He, and Ne from the solar nebula, but Ar and other species were retained because photoevaporation occurred at large heliocentric distances where temperatures were cold enough (lesssim 30 K) to trap them in amorphous water ice. As the solar nebula lost H, it became relatively and uniformly enriched in other species. Our model improves on the similar model of Guillot & Hueso. We recognize that cold temperatures alone do not trap volatiles; continuous water vapor production is also necessary. We demonstrate that FUV fluxes that photoevaporated the disk generated sufficient water vapor in regions [< over ~]30 K to trap gas-phase species in amorphous water ice in solar proportions. We find more efficient chemical fractionation in the outer disk: whereas the model of Guillot & Hueso predicts a factor of three enrichment when only <2% of the disk mass remains, we find the same enrichments when 30% of the disk mass remains. Finally, we predict the presence of ~0.1 M [subscript ⊕] of water vapor in the outer solar nebula and protoplanetary disks in H II regions.Copyright IOP Publishing. This is the authors' final, peer-reviewed manuscript. Monga, Nikhil, & Desch, Steven (2015). EXTERNAL PHOTOEVAPORATION OF THE SOLAR NEBULA: JUPITER's NOBLE GAS ENRICHMENTS. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 798(1), 0-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/9. The final version as published can be viewed online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/
The effects of status motives on consumer behavior
No full textHumans possess a fundamental motivation to signal social status, which has been defined as a higher perceived position compared to others that garners an individual more respect and admiration (Bellezza, Gino, and Keinan 2014; Dubois and Ordabayeva 2015; Dubois, Rucker, and Galinsky 2012). Attaining and signaling high social status is an important, fundamental human motivation that can affect consumer behavior (Bird et al. 2005; Bird, Smith, and Bird 2001; Durante and Griskevicius 2016). The current dissertation contributes to the literature on the antecedents and downstream consequences of status-signaling motivations.
Although the majority of the literature on status signaling suggests that such motivations enhance conspicuous indulgence (e.g., spending to signal wealth), Essay 1 demonstrates that status motives can lead to displays of self-control (e.g., choices of healthier foods and self-control enhancing technologies instead of indulgent foods and entertainment technologies). This finding is important because consumers often struggle to engage in self-control (Brendl, Markman, and Messner 2003), and this work highlights one motivation, status signaling, that consumers can use to prompt such behavior. Furthermore, this finding helps marketers understand the nuance in using status-signaling appeals to sell non-luxury products, which may ultimately increase their sales.
Essay 2 introduces a novel antecedent to status signaling. Specifically, it demonstrates that parenthood predicts status-signaling behavior, in that parents are more likely than non-parents to engage in conspicuous (vs. inconspicuous) luxury consumption. This occurs in part because parents believe that their social status will impact their living children. This research contributes to a growing literature on the cognitive processes behind the consumption behaviors of parents. The findings in this essay are an important addition to extant literature because parents are assumed to be warm, protective, helpful, and generous (Hodges and Park 2013) – traits that seem at odds with a desire for conspicuous consumption, which is often born out of a desire for personal gain (Dubois and Ordabayeva 2015; Lee and Shrum 2012; Torelli, Monga, and Kaikati 2012). By highlighting this novel, counterintuitive antecedent to status signaling, this work also reveals how firms may better anticipate parents’ product preferences.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
'Only connect': Chunder Loo, Monga Khan and Australia's fugitive South Asians
No full textTHE PEOPLES OF the Indian subcontinent have a significant presence in contemporary Australian culture: as the second-largest non-European cohort of the population (after Chinese-born Australians) and the fourth-largest immigrant ethnic group; as Sri Lankan refugees languishing in offshore immigration detention; and as Melbourne taxi-drivers demonstrating against physical assault. More positively and more individually, we recognise the persons of test cricketers Usman Khawaja and Lisa Sthalekar; author, journalist and former SBS newsreader Indira Naidoo; comedian Nazeem Hussain; Melbourne artist Textaqueen; and Sydney rapper L-FRESH the LION – not to mention that other Lion, the Oscar-nominated movie starring Dev Patel in the character of adopted Australian boy Saroo Brierley. We are also regularly reminded of contemporary Indian Australians by the familiar image of Bengali hawker Monga Khan, one of the so-called ‘Afghan cameleers’ who sought exemption from the provisions of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, and whose striking profile features in Peter Drew’s ongoing multiculturalist ‘Aussie’ street poster campaign
Does level of physical activity influence tobacco use behaviour among youth? A cross-sectional survey from India
No full textBackground
Tobacco use and physical inactivity are major risk factors for Non Communicable
Diseases (NCDs). Adequate physical activities keep one healthy but sedentary
life style may contribute to other unhealthy practices like indulging in
tobacco use. There is a need to identify if and how the two risk factors are
interrelated so as to address them more strategically. The present study was
undertaken to assess the level of physical activity and to identify its
association with tobacco use among college going youth in a jurisdiction of
North India.
Methods
Data on physical activity and tobacco use was collected from 500
students aged 18-24 years studying in different professional and
nonprofessional colleges of a Union Territory of Chandigarh, India through multistage simple random sampling using
self-administered standardized questionnaires (Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Fagerstorm Addiction Scale, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire).
Results
Around 12.8% (n=64) were physically inactive, 10% (n=50)
were active and 76.2% (n=381) were highly active. Females (15.8%) were more
inactive as compared to males (12.1%). Highly active respondents were seen more
in 18-20 years age group (77.6%) as compared to 20-22 years age group (76.1%). The prevalence of tobacco use was 20.2%. It was observed that odds of consuming
tobacco was significantly lower in physically active respondents as compared to
inactive respondents (p value < 0.05). Further, higher odds of smoking was
observed among younger age groups, females and non-professionals as compared to
their counterparts.
Conclusions
NCDs are emerging as a big threat among youth. Our findings indicate a
significant relationship between physical activity and tobacco use among youth thus underscoring the need of promoting physical activity among youth to curb tobacco
use. Regular physical activity and counselling sessions for discouraging tobacco use should be integrated with academic curriculum so as to achieve Goal-3 of Sustainable Development Goals
Economics of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) in India
No full textDespite the high prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) in India, cost-effective interventions to curb smokeless tobacco use are very low. Taxation is considered as one of the most cost-effective intervention to curb overall tobacco use but taxation on SLT product is very complex and is on ad-valorem basis. Further, Goods and Service Tax has increased the price from 0.8/gram to 1.06/gram, but still the impact of increasing the tax needs to be explored so that harmony between excise revenue generated from these products and decrease in demand of these products can be maintained. Therefore, we carried out a literature review, which involved literature search, data extraction, and synthesis. The evidence suggests that the price elasticity of SLT products has gone closer to the inelastic nature with the passing time suggesting the increasing affordability of these products. The macroeconomic impact of the disease burden resulting from these SLT products is far greater than excise revenue generated by these products. More research is required in this field with updated data. The agricultural aspect of SLT products also need to be explored to determine cost-effective alternative crops for tobacco farming. Also, as the use of SLT is culturally accepted in India, appropriate public awareness program and cost-effective interventions are required to curb SLT use along with increased tax and cessation services
Does level of physical activity influence tobacco use behaviour among youth? A cross-sectional survey from India
No full text
Physical activity level and its relationship with tobacco use among youth: a cross-sectional survey in North India
No full textBackground
Tobacco use and physical inactivity are major risk
factors for NCDs. Adequate physical activities keep one healthy but sedentary
life style may contribute to other unhealthy practices. There is a need to
identify if and how the two risk factors are interrelated so as to address them
more strategically. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the level
of physical activity and to identify its association with tobacco use among
college going youth in Chandigarh.
Methods
Data on physical
activity and tobacco use was collected from 500 students aged 18-24 years
studying in different professional and nonprofessional colleges of Chandigarh
during June- July 2015, through multistage simple random sampling using a
self-administered questionnaire.
Results
The study findings indicated 12.8% (n=64) were inactive, 10% (n=50) were active and
76.2% (n=381) were highly active out of the 500 individuals. Females (15.8%) were
more inactive as compared to males (12.1%). Highly active respondents were seen
more in 18-20 years age group (77.6%) as compared to 20-22 years age group
(76.1%). In regard to relationship between physical activity and tobacco use
status of the respondents in study population, it was observed that odds of
consuming tobacco is significantly 0.48 times lower in active respondents as
compared to inactive respondents (p value < 0.05).
Conclusions
NCDs are emerging as
a big threat among youth. Our findings indicate a significant
relationship between physical activity and tobacco use among youth. (OR= 0.48;
p< 0.05) Thus, promoting physical activities may be a useful educational tool
for reducing tobacco use
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