222 research outputs found
Ethical approaches to family planning in Africa
Get PDFAfrica has historically provided the geographical flashpoint of ethical issues relating to family planning programs. Until recently in Sub-Saharan Africa, advocacy of family planning by non-Africans was unacceptable and by Africans politically inadvisable. This has changed in the 1980s. The health rationale for family planning is backed by strong evidence, especially in Africa, where infant and maternal mortality and morbidity rates are high. Population growth in many African countries impedes development, which cannot keep up with needs. Earlier attempts to offer family planning aid were often politically inept and endangered the needed partnership between donor and developing countries. Theoretical arguments and abstract demographic projections are less persuasive than carefully designed programs geared to the health and well-being of communitities that help plan them. Increased cooperation between donor and developing countries has helped resolve some of the ethical difficulties that beset family planning programs. This report summarizes many of the practical, ethical and cultural considerations in making family planning aid acceptable.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Gender and Health,Early Child and Children's Health
Topology-preserving scan-based immersed isogeometric analysis
Get PDFTo exploit the advantageous properties of isogeometric analysis (IGA) in a scan-based setting, it is important to extract a smooth geometric domain from the scan data (e.g., voxel data). IGA-suitable domains can be constructed by convoluting the grayscale data using B-splines. A negative side-effect of this convolution technique is, however, that it can induce topological changes in the process of smoothing when features with a size similar to that of the voxels are encountered. This manuscript presents an enhanced B-spline-based segmentation procedure using a refinement strategy based on truncated hierarchical (TH)Bsplines. A Fourier analysis is presented to explain the effectiveness of local grayscale function refinement in repairing topological anomalies. A moving-window-based topological anomaly detection algorithm is proposed to identify regions in which the grayscale function refinements must be performed. The criterion to identify topological anomalies is based on the Euler characteristic, giving it the capability to distinguish between topological and shape changes. The proposed topology-preserving THB-spline image segmentation strategy is studied using a range of test cases. These tests pertain to both the segmentation procedure itself, and its application in an immersed IGA setting
Textual and Musical Analysis of the Song by Wervin Panggabean: “Aut Boi Nian, Lupa Ho Amang And Sai Mulak
No full textThis article describes the TEXTUAL AND MUSICAL ANALYSIS OF WERVIN PANGGABEAN'S SONG "AUT BOI NIAN, LUPA HO AMANG AND SAI MULAK. The aim of your research is to discuss the biography of Wervm Panggabean, analyze the textual meaning and analyze the musical structure. The research uses a qualitative method approach using collection techniques Literature studies, interviews, chervant, photos and sura renderings. In describing the analysis of textual meaning, the author uses Bruno Netll's theory and analyzes it using the Weighted Scale method to describe the content contained in these songs, namely, song transcripts, tonality and scale, ritual, tempo, texture, form, progressive chords and melodic contours. Musically, these songs have an A Major scale. Unmik, the song fur Bor Nian which is taken from the film Toba Dream by Viky Suanipar, A Major is also found in the song Lapa Ho Amang performed by Style Vioce, while the A major scale is by Century Tno, A major Terdin notes from A-B-C#-D-E-F-G#-A’ and D Major for the song Sai Mulak, while the D Major scale is for the song Sai Malak, this song is performed by Century Trio D-E-F#-G-A-B-C#-D'. Meanwhile, to analyze the textual meaning contained in the song, the author uses tron semantics and Fentimand Sazzers with a descriptive approach. In Ferdinand Lausvere's theory, fantinya uses a denotand meaning approach and connotative meaning or broad meaning and the largest meaning and adds significant aspects. The haul that was obtained was the song “Aut Boi Nian” which tells the story of a failed Contains about Failed Love, “Lupa Ho Amang” contains a child who doesn't feel grateful to his parents and “Sai Mulak” contains tells the story of a father who is waiting for his son to come home from abroad.147 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Three dimensional computational modeling and simulation of biological cells and capsules
No full textThree-dimensional computational modeling and simulation are presented on the flow-induced motion of highly deformable particles which are representative of biological cells, such as red blood cells. We focus on the dynamics of capsules, that is, liquid drops surrounded by hyperelastic membranes. Unlike liquid drops where the fluid-fluid interface is characterized by isotropic surface tension, that for a capsule is governed by more complex constitutive laws. The numerical method is based on a front-tracking/immersed boundary method forcapsule deformation, and a finite-difference/fourier-transform method for the flow solver. The methodology is able to consider large deformation of capsules, capsule-capsule interaction, semi-dense suspension, and inertial effect. Using the simulation tool, we address a sequence of problems: (a) Capsule motion in wall-bounded pressure-driven flows: The motion of a capsule in a channel flow is investigated in absence of inertia and under large deformation. It is shown that a deformable capsule slowly drifts lateral to the flow and away from the wall while moving axially with the flow. Based on the theory of small deformation, and the present numerical results, an approximate expression for migration velocity under large deformation is developed. (b) Binary interaction in wall-bounded pressure-driven flows: Hydrodynamic interaction between two capsules in a channel flow is investigated in absence of inertia. Effect of wall proximity on the shear-induced diffusion process, in which one capsule rolls over the other, is studied for spherical and ellipsoidal resting shapes. (c) Effect of inertia on binary collision: Hydrodynamic interaction between two capsules in a linear shear flow is investigated in presence of inertia. The shear-induced diffusion process is shown to be absent. Instead, a new interaction mode is found in which the capsules engage in spiraling motion. (d) Simulation of semi-dense suspension: We then consider direct numerical simulations (DNS) of suspension of multiple capsules of spherical and biconcave resting shapes. Detailed analysis of the numerical results and their relevance to in vitro blood flow are presented. It is shown that the two-phase model of blood in microvessels underpredicts the DNS flow rate. We proceed to develop a three-layer model based on the microrheology extracted from the DNS, and show that it accurately predicts the DNS velocity.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-174)
Numerical and experimental investigation of shakedown in evolving non-Hertzian rolling contact
Get PDFThe non-conforming rolling contact under high loads results in considerable plastic deformation of the surface. This surface plastic flow is studied using a twin-disk tribometer, and the observed deformation as a function of the number of rolling cycles is classified into three distinct stages. Substantial geometric changes are observed in the initial stage and during this process, the contact type changed from Hertzian to non-Hertzian in the first few cycles, and then it changed from non-Hertzian back to near Hertzian by the end of this stage. A semi-analytical model is therefore employed to perform the contact analysis. Special elements are employed near the surface discontinuities within the contact area to resolve singularities. The contact area is observed to change from elliptic to a near-rectangular shape and the evolution of the contact parameters during this process is reported. Shakedown limits are obtained at different instants of the deformation process using Melan’s theorem. It is observed that the high stresses near the surface discontinuities greatly affect the shakedown limits. The actual stress state is observed to move on a shakedown map until it goes below the shakedown limit but above the elastic limit as predicted.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01The student, Yaswanth Sai Jetti, accepted the attached license on 2021-04-26 at 11:59.The student, Yaswanth Sai Jetti, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-04-26 at 12:29.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-04-27 at 18:43.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16555 on 2021-09-16 at 17:05:14Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T02:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
JETTI-THESIS-2021.pdf: 7298394 bytes, checksum: d3794c669dbff9aed805d7fca6ae5f9d (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4215 bytes, checksum: dd916adf6600ea4baffa52750871bfbe (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2021-04-27Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 118585
Lift date: 2023-09-17T02:34:57Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Onl
Documenting immigrant experiences: A study of the Chinese-language newspapers published in North America
Get PDFThe intensifying competition among Chinese-language newspapers in North America was recently brought to spotlight by mainstream media. For well over a century, North America based Chinese newspapers have been informing generations of immigrants and documenting their collective and personal experiences. The steady flow of Chinese speaking population into the U.S. and Canada over the last several decades has created opportunities for this type
of publication to expand and proliferate, which in turn poses challenges to library community in respect to collection development and preservation.
After giving a brief outline of the history of Chinese-language press in both Canada and U.S., this paper will discuss the identity of this type of press, which is a particularly acute question in the context of U.S. A researcher who conducted two surveys in the U.S. in
1987 and 1997 concludes that it is Chinese American, while a campaign aid for Senator Hilary Clinton reportedly declared that it is “foreign media” when trying to prevent
reporters from entering Clinton’s fundraiser in San Francisco in early 2007. By contrast, this author tends to believe that the identity of Chinese press has changed over time and is more fluid today.
The next focus of this paper is the current status of Chinese newspapers in North America. Using information from this author's own investigation and media reports, the
paper will provide an account of Chinese newspapers in two regions with largest Chinese communities—Toronto and New York-New Jersey. Both the prominent daily newspapers and
small weeklies distributed in the supermarkets will be discussed in terms of their editorial policies, circulation numbers, distribution channels, web presences, and availability (or the lack of) in the libraries.
For different types of libraries, the challenges for collecting and preserving North America-based Chinese newspapers are somewhat different. A state library may have public mandate to do so, but may lack the language expertise required. Even though an academic library may possess such expertise, it may be restricted by its current curriculum focus. Therefore, a state-wide or even nation-wide collaboration needs to be developed in order to
collect these newspapers and ultimately preserve a unique portion of human experience
Residual-based error estimation and adaptivity for stabilized immersed isogeometric analysis using truncated hierarchical B-splines
Get PDFWe propose an adaptive mesh refinement strategy for immersed isogeometric
analysis, with application to steady heat conduction and viscous flow problems.
The proposed strategy is based on residual-based error estimation, which has
been tailored to the immersed setting by the incorporation of appropriately
scaled stabilization and boundary terms. Element-wise error indicators are
elaborated for the Laplace and Stokes problems, and a THB-spline-based local
mesh refinement strategy is proposed. The error estimation .and adaptivity
procedure is applied to a series of benchmark problems, demonstrating the
suitability of the technique for a range of smooth and non-smooth problems. The
adaptivity strategy is also integrated in a scan-based analysis workflow,
capable of generating reliable, error-controlled, results from scan data,
without the need for extensive user interactions or interventions.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Mechanic
Modeling of Rice Hydration using Finite Element Method.
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Scan-Based Immersed Isogeometric Flow Analysis
No full textThis chapter reviews the work conducted by our team on scan-based immersed isogeometric analysis for flow problems. To leverage the advantageous properties of isogeometric analysis on complex scan-based domains, various innovations have been made: (i) A spline-based segmentation strategy has been developed to extract a geometry suitable for immersed analysis directly from scan data; (ii) A stabilized equal-order velocity-pressure formulation for the Stokes problem has been proposed to attain stable results on immersed domains; (iii) An adaptive integration quadrature procedure has been developed to improve computational efficiency; (iv) A mesh refinement strategy has been developed to capture small features at a priori unknown locations, without drastically increasing the computational cost of the scan-based analysis workflow. We review the key ideas behind each of these innovations, and illustrate these using a selection of simulation results from our work. A patient-specific scan-based analysis case is reproduced to illustrate how these innovations enable the simulation of flow problems on complex scan data.</p
Critical time-step size analysis and mass scaling by ghost-penalty for immersogeometric explicit dynamics
Get PDFIn this article, we study the effect of small-cut elements on the critical
time-step size in an immersogeometric context. We analyze different
formulations for second-order (membrane) and fourth-order (shell-type)
equations, and derive scaling relations between the critical time-step size and
the cut-element size for various types of cuts. In particular, we focus on
different approaches for the weak imposition of Dirichlet conditions: by
penalty enforcement and with Nitsche's method. The stability requirement for
Nitsche's method necessitates either a cut-size dependent penalty parameter, or
an additional ghost-penalty stabilization term is necessary. Our findings show
that both techniques suffer from cut-size dependent critical time-step sizes,
but the addition of a ghost-penalty term to the mass matrix serves to mitigate
this issue. We confirm that this form of `mass-scaling' does not adversely
affect error and convergence characteristics for a transient membrane example,
and has the potential to increase the critical time-step size by orders of
magnitude. Finally, for a prototypical simulation of a Kirchhoff-Love shell,
our stabilized Nitsche formulation reduces the solution error by well over an
order of magnitude compared to a penalty formulation at equal time-step size
- …
