1,720,957 research outputs found
Towards an integrated framework for coastal eco-cities
No full textThis report presents a structured and informative analysis of two poignant European and Asian Coastal Eco-City projects. The scholars have recognised the diverse pathways Eco- City developments take within the duration their development; therefore we work towards a framework that draws upon influences from two, polarised developments in Eco-City design.Available data for both cities was not equally distributed for all aspects of the development process; however we present a comprehensive analysis throughout various stages, from initial project drivers, through to project outcomes.The environmental, social, and legal/political aspects of both developments are clearly outlined in order to reveal transferrable elements of Eco-City developments across EU- Asia borders. Equally, the pivotal role of contract arrangement and stakeholder engagement across two juxtaposed cultures are compared in context.We then give recommendations for an integrated framework for Eco-City design. We address green building standards, energy supply, waste management, transportation, and coastal infrastructures, as well as the integral role of Key Performance Indicators.We conclude the text with an analysis of transferability and the feasibility of combining EU-Asia Eco-City concepts towards the common goal of sustainable development
Mesoscale circulation and variability of the Indian Ocean
No full text© 2011 Dr. Prasanth DivakaranThe introduction of satellite altimetry in the 1990's and the increasing sophistication of ocean modelling have seen mesoscale oceanography become an increasingly prominent area of research over the last few decades. Evidence is continuing to emerge that the mesoscale variability does not average to zero over extended periods (i.e. the available observational record which is now multi-decadal) and plays an important role in the general circulation of the ocean, with implications for models from short-range through to climate-scales. This study examines mesoscale variability of the Indian Ocean based on a range of observational and model products including a new type of product, which is based on the merging of observations and high-resolution models in the form of a multi-year ocean reanalysis (BlueLink ReANalysis – BRAN2.1). Due to the computational limitations and the grid resolution of this product, we give special emphasis to the southeast Indian Ocean where the model is eddy-resolving.
This study has identified quasi-zonal alignment of the mesoscale variability for surface salinity and temperature in the eddy-resolving model domain. Specifically quasi-zonal alignments are found in the orientation of spatial correlation ellipses. The statistical properties have a 2-3° meridional width that are consistently zonal in the tropics, but in the subtropics tend to incline towards the equator. Similar quasi-zonal alignments are also found in spatial anomalies of mean surface prognostic variables for salinity, temperature, as well as surface density. The statistical properties of the reanalysis for surface temperature are verified using a merged product from multiple satellites of high-resolution surface temperature observations from AVHRR. The seasonal variations of the time-mean surface quasi-zonal alignment in physical properties and its link to the coastal current systems of the southeast Indian Ocean are detailed in this study.
Consistent quasi-zonal or “arterial” ocean currents of the southeast Indian Ocean are revealed using a colorwheel visualisation tool. In particular, we have identified five eastward jets in the broad surface geostrophic flow regime of the southeast Indian Ocean. Mean meridional sections of ocean currents show that the zonally coherent mean features seen at the surface extend into the abyssal ocean though decline in magnitude with depth; and are similarly quasi-zonal. The seasonality of the surface layer eastward transports in the southeast Indian Ocean is found to be positively correlated with the phase of the Leeuwin Current. Mean westward flows are seen at mid-depth with greater arterial structure. Mesoscale eddies are found to follow regularly along the seasonally persistent mean westward feature connecting the Naturaliste and Broken Plateau.
Time-varying properties of quasi-zonal structures in the southeast Indian Ocean show equatorward meridional drift between 25°S-15°S and poleward meridional movements are noted between the equator and 14°S. Meridional displacements of quasi-zonal features in the southeast Indian Ocean are found to correspond with the sign and strength of the mean meridional velocity. Quasi-zonal signatures are found to be also present in the 10-year mean spatial anomalies of the overlying wind-stress field observed from the QuikSCAT satellite observations. Statistical relationships of quasi-zonal features in wind-stress and observed sea surface temperature are derived
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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