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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence de l’évolution des dimensions corporelles au cours de la croissance et de la maturation sur le système énergétique anaérobie du jeune rameur de compétition
No full textYoung rowers, from 10 to 18 years, undergo significant dimensional changes during their development. An increase in anaerobic metabolism is also observed during this period, but it is still unknown whether this increase is attributed to biological maturation and/or increased body dimensions (i.e. lean body mass gain). The origins of this metabolic change during growth are relevant to understand, especially to confirm, or not, the decrease in race distance in young rowers’ categories. Thus, the objectives of this PhD thesis were (i) to characterise the influence of lean body mass gained during growth on the glycolytic energy metabolism, measured by the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) and the associated blood responses (blood lactate and pH), and (ii) to study the evolution of relative energy contributions (aerobic vs. anaerobic) depending on the official competition distance established by the French Rowing Federation (FFA), and, in fine, the age of rowers (U14: 1000 m, U16: 1500 m and U18: 2000 m). Our main results showed that lean body mass accounts more than maturation for the DOC and blood lactate increase and the pH decrease during high-intensity exercise (Study 1), and that the increase of DOC with growth (via lean body mass) leads to a higher lactate accumulation and thus to a slow-down of the blood lactate post-exercise recovery kinetics (Study II). Furthermore, in competition test conditions, the relative energy contributions (aerobic/anaerobic) remain equivalent from 1000 m in U14 to 2000 m in U18; this being explained by a compensation between the decrease in anaerobic contribution with running distance and the increase in anaerobic contribution with age (via lean body mass gain) (Study III). Thus, lean body mass gain during growth would have a strong impact on anaerobic metabolism during and following high-intensity exercise. In addition, inverse compensatory effects could be at the origin of equivalent aerobic and anaerobic relative contributions between 1000 m in U14, 1500 m in U16 and 2000 m in U18. On a practical level, these results confirm the current FFA rules regarding the reduction of race distances for U14 and U16 rowers, to adequately prepare them for the 2000 m energetic requirements in U18.Les jeunes rameurs âgés de 10 à 18 ans subissent de profonds changements dimensionnels au cours de leur développement. Une augmentation du métabolisme anaérobie à l’exercice est également observée au cours de cette période, mais il est encore inconnu si cette augmentation est attribuée à la maturation biologique et/ou à l’augmentation des dimensions corporelles (i.e., prise de masse maigre). Les origines de ce changement métabolique au cours de la croissance sont importantes à comprendre notamment pour confirmer, ou non, la diminution des distances de compétition chez les jeunes catégories de rameurs. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat a été (i) de caractériser l’influence de la prise de masse maigre au cours de la croissance sur le métabolisme énergétique d’origine glycolytique, mesuré à partir du déficit en oxygène cumulé (DOC) et des réponses sanguines associées (lactatémie et pH), et (ii) d’étudier l’évolution des contributions énergétiques relatives (aérobie vs anaérobie) en fonction des distances de compétition officielles établies par la fédération française d’aviron (FFA), et in fine de l’âge des rameurs (U14 : 1000 m, U16 : 1500 m et U18 : 2000 m). Nos principaux résultats ont montré que la masse maigre joue un rôle plus important que la maturation dans l’augmentation du DOC, de la lactatémie et la baisse du pH au cours de l’exercice intense (Étude I) et que l’augmentation du DOC avec la croissance (via la prise de masse maigre) engendre une accumulation de lactate plus élevée, ralentissant ainsi la cinétique de récupération post-exercice de la lactatémie (Étude II). De plus, en condition de test de compétition, les contributions relatives des voies énergétiques (aérobie/anaérobie) restent équivalentes de 1000 m chez les U14 à 2000 m chez les U18 ; cela s’expliquant par une compensation entre la diminution de la contribution anaérobie avec la distance de course et l’augmentation de la contribution anaérobie avec l’âge (via la prise de masse) (Étude III). Ainsi, la prise de masse maigre au cours de la croissance aurait un fort impact sur le métabolisme anaérobie au cours et au décours d’un exercice de haute intensité. De plus, des effets inverses compensatoires de la distance de course et de l’âge (via la masse) pourraient être à l’origine des contributions relatives aérobie et anaérobie équivalentes entre un 1000 m chez les U14, un 1500 m chez les U16 et un 2000 m chez les U18. Sur un plan pratique, ces résultats confirment le règlement actuel de la FFA à propos de la réduction des distances de course chez les rameurs U14 et U16 afin de les préparer aux exigences énergétiques du 2000 m en U18
Influence of body dimensions changes on the anaerobic energy system during growth and maturation in the young competitive rower
No full textLes jeunes rameurs âgés de 10 à 18 ans subissent de profonds changements dimensionnels au cours de leur développement. Une augmentation du métabolisme anaérobie à l’exercice est également observée au cours de cette période, mais il est encore inconnu si cette augmentation est attribuée à la maturation biologique et/ou à l’augmentation des dimensions corporelles (i.e., prise de masse maigre). Les origines de ce changement métabolique au cours de la croissance sont importantes à comprendre notamment pour confirmer, ou non, la diminution des distances de compétition chez les jeunes catégories de rameurs. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat a été (i) de caractériser l’influence de la prise de masse maigre au cours de la croissance sur le métabolisme énergétique d’origine glycolytique, mesuré à partir du déficit en oxygène cumulé (DOC) et des réponses sanguines associées (lactatémie et pH), et (ii) d’étudier l’évolution des contributions énergétiques relatives (aérobie vs anaérobie) en fonction des distances de compétition officielles établies par la fédération française d’aviron (FFA), et in fine de l’âge des rameurs (U14 : 1000 m, U16 : 1500 m et U18 : 2000 m). Nos principaux résultats ont montré que la masse maigre joue un rôle plus important que la maturation dans l’augmentation du DOC, de la lactatémie et la baisse du pH au cours de l’exercice intense (Étude I) et que l’augmentation du DOC avec la croissance (via la prise de masse maigre) engendre une accumulation de lactate plus élevée, ralentissant ainsi la cinétique de récupération post-exercice de la lactatémie (Étude II). De plus, en condition de test de compétition, les contributions relatives des voies énergétiques (aérobie/anaérobie) restent équivalentes de 1000 m chez les U14 à 2000 m chez les U18 ; cela s’expliquant par une compensation entre la diminution de la contribution anaérobie avec la distance de course et l’augmentation de la contribution anaérobie avec l’âge (via la prise de masse) (Étude III). Ainsi, la prise de masse maigre au cours de la croissance aurait un fort impact sur le métabolisme anaérobie au cours et au décours d’un exercice de haute intensité. De plus, des effets inverses compensatoires de la distance de course et de l’âge (via la masse) pourraient être à l’origine des contributions relatives aérobie et anaérobie équivalentes entre un 1000 m chez les U14, un 1500 m chez les U16 et un 2000 m chez les U18. Sur un plan pratique, ces résultats confirment le règlement actuel de la FFA à propos de la réduction des distances de course chez les rameurs U14 et U16 afin de les préparer aux exigences énergétiques du 2000 m en U18.Young rowers, from 10 to 18 years, undergo significant dimensional changes during their development. An increase in anaerobic metabolism is also observed during this period, but it is still unknown whether this increase is attributed to biological maturation and/or increased body dimensions (i.e. lean body mass gain). The origins of this metabolic change during growth are relevant to understand, especially to confirm, or not, the decrease in race distance in young rowers’ categories. Thus, the objectives of this PhD thesis were (i) to characterise the influence of lean body mass gained during growth on the glycolytic energy metabolism, measured by the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) and the associated blood responses (blood lactate and pH), and (ii) to study the evolution of relative energy contributions (aerobic vs. anaerobic) depending on the official competition distance established by the French Rowing Federation (FFA), and, in fine, the age of rowers (U14: 1000 m, U16: 1500 m and U18: 2000 m). Our main results showed that lean body mass accounts more than maturation for the DOC and blood lactate increase and the pH decrease during high-intensity exercise (Study 1), and that the increase of DOC with growth (via lean body mass) leads to a higher lactate accumulation and thus to a slow-down of the blood lactate post-exercise recovery kinetics (Study II). Furthermore, in competition test conditions, the relative energy contributions (aerobic/anaerobic) remain equivalent from 1000 m in U14 to 2000 m in U18; this being explained by a compensation between the decrease in anaerobic contribution with running distance and the increase in anaerobic contribution with age (via lean body mass gain) (Study III). Thus, lean body mass gain during growth would have a strong impact on anaerobic metabolism during and following high-intensity exercise. In addition, inverse compensatory effects could be at the origin of equivalent aerobic and anaerobic relative contributions between 1000 m in U14, 1500 m in U16 and 2000 m in U18. On a practical level, these results confirm the current FFA rules regarding the reduction of race distances for U14 and U16 rowers, to adequately prepare them for the 2000 m energetic requirements in U18
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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