1,720,961 research outputs found
Cognitive impairment and outcomes in older adults with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome
No full textObjective This study aimed to explore the prognostic impact of cognitive impairment on the long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) undergoing invasive treatment.Methods Patients aged >= 75 years with NSTEACS undergoing an invasive strategy were included in the multicentre prospective study (NCT01933581). Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive status at baseline (scores >= 26 classified as normal, <26 as cognitive impairment). Long-term follow-up data were obtained from electronic patient care records. The primary endpoint was MACE as a composite of all-cause deaths, reinfarction, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, urgent revascularisation and significant bleeding.Results 239 patients with baseline cognitive assessment completed long-term follow-up. Median age was 80.9 years (IQR 78.2-83.9 years) and 62.3% were male. On 5-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of MACE between the cognitively impaired group and the normal cognition group (p=0.155). Cognition status was not associated with MACE (HR 1.37 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.95); p=0.082). However, there was significantly more deaths (p=0.005) in those with cognitive impairment. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (log-rank p=0.003) and Cox regression analysis (aHR 1.85 (95% CI 1.11 to 3.08); p=0.018) revealed increased risk of all-cause mortality, even after adjusting for frailty and GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) score.Conclusion Cognitive impairment in older patients with NSTEACS undergoing an invasive strategy was associated with long-term all-cause mortality. Routine cognitive screening may aid risk stratification and further studies are needed to identify how this should influence management strategies and individual decision-making in this patient group
Differences in treatment and clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged ≤74 years following acute coronary syndromes: a prospective multicentre study
No full textObjective This study describes the differences in treatment and clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥75 years compared with those aged ≤74 years presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing invasive management.Methods A large-scale cohort study of patients with ST-elevation/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI)/unstable angina underwent coronary angiography (January 2015–December 2019). Patients were classified as older (≥75 years) and younger (≤74 years). Regression analysis was used to yield adjusted risks of mortality for older versus younger patients (adjusted for history of heart failure, hypercholesterolaemia, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, presence of ST-elevation MI on presenting ECG, female sex and cardiogenic shock at presentation).Results In total, 11 763 patients were diagnosed with ACS, of which 39% were aged ≥75 years. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in fewer older patients than younger patients (81.2% vs 86.2%, p<0.001). At discharge, older patients were prescribed less secondary-prevention medications than younger patients. Median follow-up was 4.57 years. Older patients had a greater risk of in-hospital mortality than younger patients (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.12, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.78, p<0.001). Older patients diagnosed with ST-elevation MI had greater adjusted odds of dying in-hospital (aOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.79 to 3.41, p<0.001). Older age was not an independent prognostic factor of mortality at 1 year (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.09, p=0.460) and at longer term (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.10, p=0.684).Conclusions Older patients are discharged with less secondary prevention. Patients aged ≥75 years are more likely to die in-hospital than younger patients
Evidence on the Efficacy of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as an Adjunct Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Full text linkBackground: As the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) places a significant burden on healthcare-related costs. COPD is characterized by airflow impairment, including chronic bronchitis, small airways obstruction, and emphysema. COPD pathophysiology involves inflammation correlated with lung decline, body composition alteration, and decreased quality of life. Since preceding studies have shown its roles in inflammatory processes, omega-3 is proposed as a potential adjunct treatment in slowing down COPD progression.Aim: To analyse the efficacy of omega-3 as a potential adjunct therapy in COPD management.Method: A literature review was conducted by retrieving studies published from 2010-2020 through PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Clinical Key, Wiley, and Science Direct that evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation in COPD management.Outcome: The search yielded 12 studies with a total of 6,474 subjects. Outcomes suggested that omega-3 leads to a reduction in inflammation, improved body composition, enhanced exercise capacity, higher quality of life, and lower exacerbation occurrences. Association found for lung function was weak, but this might be due to the study designs. The only potential adverse effect was diarrhoea, but this is insignificant.Conclusion: To conclude, omega-3 supplementation in COPD management showed promising results, considering its efficacy in slowing down COPD progression, minimal side effects, cost-effectiveness, and feasibility. However, the incorporation of this intervention into management guidelines require more trials with larger samples to establish more substantial evidence and more in-depth understanding of its roles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Efektivitas Adaptasi Teknologi pada Kinerja Sistem Surveilans Malaria di Era COVID-19 untuk Negara Berkembang: Sebuah Kajian Sistematis
Full text linkAbstract—Due to the limitations of the current malaria surveillance system, the use of technology for diagnostics and treatment is an important factor in controlling the number of malaria cases at local and national levels. However, studies on the effectiveness of the implementation of technology-assisted surveillance systems have yet to be found. The literature search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). This systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost databases. Assessment of study bias and methodology was carried out with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The literature search yielded 9 literatures with a total subject of 322,168. The usage of technology in malaria surveillance system has been shown to shorten the time of discovery, reporting, case follow-up response. The interventions also improve the completeness and accuracy of the data and improve user-supervisor coordination while also receiving positive responses from the users. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of implementing a technology-based malaria surveillance system in developing countries in the COVID-19 era. Further research with larger and uniform population is needed to strengthen the evidence for successful implementations.
Keyword: malaria, surveillance, mobile health, low resource countries, covid-19
Abstrak—Mengingat keterbatasan sistem surveilans malaria yang ada saat ini, penggunaan teknologi dalam melakukan pelaporan diagnostik maupun pengobatan kasus merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan pengendalian jumlah kasus malaria pada tingkat lokal dan nasional. Namun, kajian mengenai efektivitas penggunaanya masih belum dapat ditemukan. Pencarian literatur studi dilakukan berdasarkan the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Kajian sistematis ini dilakukan melalui database dan. Penilaian bias dan metodologi studi dilakukan dengan National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Pencarian literatur menghasilkan 9 literatur dengan total subjek 322.168 orang. Penggunaan teknologi dalam sistem surveilans malaria terbukti mempersingkat waktu penemuan, waktu pelaporan, hingga waktu respon follow-up kasus. Selain meningkatkan kelengkapan dan keakuratan data, teknologi tersebut juga membantu koordinasi pengguna dengan supervisor dan mendapatkan respon positif dari pengguna. Kajian sistematik ini menunjukkan efektivitas penerapan sistem surveilans malaria berbasis teknologi pada negara berkembang di era COVID-19. Penelitian lanjut dengan populasi yang besar dan seragam dibutuhkan untuk memperkuat bukti kesuksesan penerapan.
Kata Kunci: malaria, surveilans, mobile health, negara sumber daya rendah, covid-1
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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