1,721,043 research outputs found
Gastric cancer surveillance
No full textGastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality and the fifth for incidence worldwide. High-definition endoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy allows to diagnose early stages of gastric cancers that can be removed by endoscopic resection. For advanced gastric cancers, surgery with or without chemotherapy may be necessary. Surveillance after gastric cancer treatment depends on the staging of the lesion and on the treatment. Aiming at detecting metachronous or local recurrence, endoscopic surveillance is necessary after endoscopic treatment or subtotal gastrectomy has been performed, whereas CT imaging is needed for distant metastasis according to baseline staging. After total gastrectomy, nutritional deficiencies evaluation and periodic CT for early detection of recurrence are essential
Gastric juice analysis in clinical practice: why, how, and when. The experience with EndoFaster
No full textGastric juice analysis may be useful for clinical purposes, including the detection of H. pylori infection and diffuse atrophic gastritis on gastric mucosa. EndoFaster is a novel device which performs real-time analysis of gastric juice revealing the infection and hypochlorhydria by measuring ammonium concentrations and pH levels. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical applications of such a tool. By considering data from overall 11 studies, the values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 90%, 86%, 67%, 96%, 87%, 8.5, and 0.13, respectively, for H. pylori diagnosis, and 83%, 92%, 58%, 97%, 91%, 9.9 and 0.2, respectively, for suspecting diffuse atrophic gastritis. The very high value of negative predictive values for both H. pylori and mucosal atrophy would allow avoiding to perform useless negative gastric biopsies when the results of the test are negative. Some promising data suggest that gastric juice analysis may be useful also to diagnose H. pylori infection in patients with chronic active gastritis without evidence of bacteria at histology, as well as in predicting persistent acid reflux in patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy for reflux disease
Cost of detecting gastric neoplasia by surveillance endoscopy in atrophic gastritis in Italy: a low risk country
No full textBackground: Atrophic gastritis (AG) is at increased risk of gastric neoplasia, thus surveillance gastroscopy
has been proposed.
Aims: To assess cost of detecting gastric neoplasias by surveillance endoscopy according to identified risk
factors in Italy.
Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a cohort study including 200 AG-patients from Italy followed up for a mean
of 7.5 (4–23.4) years was done. Considered risk factors were: age >50 years, extensive atrophy, pernicious
anaemia, OLGA-OLGIM scores 3–4 at diagnosis. The number of 4-year-surveillance endoscopies needed
to be performed to detect one gastric neoplasia (NNS) was calculated.
Results: In 19 patients neoplasias (4 gastric cancers, 8 type 1 gastric carcinoids, 7 dysplasias) were detected
at the 361 surveillance gastroscopies, corresponding to NNS of 19 and a cost per gastric neoplastic lesion
of D 2945. By restricting surveillance to pernicious anaemia patients, reduction of NNS and cost per
neoplasia to 13.8 and D 2139 may be obtained still detecting 74% of neoplasias. By limiting the surveillance
to pernicious anaemia patients and OLGA 3–4, 5 (26.3%) neoplasias would have been detected with a
corresponding NNS of 5.4 and a cost per lesion of D 837.
Conclusion: Risk factors may allow an efficient allocation of financial and medical resources for endoscopic
surveillance in AG in a low risk countr
Second-generation thrombopoietin receptor agonists: New players in the management of cirrhotic patients undergoing therapeutic endoscopy?
No full textNo abstract availabl
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (EGGIM): a multicenter validation study
No full textBackground: Random biopsies are recommended to identify individuals at risk for gastric adenocarcinoma. Cumulative evidence suggests that narrow-band imaging (NBI) can be used to grade gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). We aimed to externally validate a classification of endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (EGGIM). Methods: Consecutive patients in 2 centers were submitted to high-resolution white light gastroscopy followed by NBI to estimate EGGIM – a score (0-10) resulting of the sum of endoscopic assessment of GIM (0, 1 or 2 if no GIM, <30% or >30% of the mucosa, respectively) in 5 areas (lesser and greater curvature of both antrum and corpus and incisura). If GIM was endoscopically suspected, targeted biopsies were performed; if GIM was not noticeable, random biopsies according to Sydney-system were performed to estimate OLGIM (gold-standard). Results: 250 patients (62% female; median age 55 years) were included. GIM was staged as OLGIM 0, I, II, III, IV: 136(54%), 15(6%), 52(21%), 34(14%), 13(5%), respectively. All sites and patients (except 3) with GIM were identifiable with targeted biopsies. For the diagnosis of OLGIM III-IV, the area under the ROC curve was 0.97 (95%CI 0.95–0.99) and by using a cutoff >4, sensitivity, specificity, LR+ were 89%, 95%, 16.5, respectively; results (91%, 95%, 18.1) similar when excluding patients with foveolar hyperplasia. Conclusions: For the first time, an endoscopic approach was externally validated to determine the risk for gastric cancer without the need of biopsies. This can be used to simplify and individualize the management of patients with gastric precancerous conditions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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