32 research outputs found
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
Resource utilization pattern and cost of tuberculosis treatment from the provider and patient perspectives in the state of Penang, Malaysia
No full textExploring the Efficacy of CNN Architectures for Esophageal Cancer Classification Using Cell Vizio Images
No full textEsophageal cancer, as with the global burden of disease, is usually due to Barrret\u27s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Fortunately, the disease is amenable to early detection; however, early diagnosis has been complicated by the limitations of the existing diagnostic technologies. To address this problem, a new Convolutional Neural Network and ResNet50 architecture are presented in this study to aid esophageal cancer diagnosis through the classification of Cell Vizio images. This diagnosis is made by the deep learning architecture which does tissue classification into four categories thus improving the diagnostic sensitivity. For model training and testing preoperative perforations in sixty-one patients, 11,161 images were used. Data augmentation and normalization techniques were also performed on the images to help improve the outcome. Our training accuracy reached an impressive 99% 12, while our final f1 score was 93.05%. Our Res Net 50 model obtained an F1 score of 93.26%, precision of 94.05%, recall of 93.52 %, and validation accuracy of 93.32 %. These results indicate how well our deep learning-based technique can be used as a quick, non-embolic, accurate method for early detection of esophageal carcinoma
Therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their wide therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory disorder
No full textThe chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly affects the gastrointestinal system. While the precise etiology of IBD remains elusive, extensive research suggests that a range of pathophysiological pathways and immunopathological mechanisms may significantly contribute as potential factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant potential in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various medical conditions. However, some MSCs have been found to exhibit tumorigenic characteristics, which limit their potential for medical treatments. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), paracrine factors play a crucial role in the therapeutic benefits conferred by MSCs. The EVs consist of proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, and are instrumental in facilitating intercellular communication. Due to the ease of maintenance, and decreased immunogenicity, tumorigenicity the EVs have become a new and exciting option for whole cell treatment. This review comprehensively assesses recent preclinical research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs as a potential IBD therapy. It comprehensively addresses key aspects of various conditions, including diabetes, cancer, dermal injuries, neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, liver and kidney diseases, and bone-related afflictions
Economical and Societal Benefits of Tourism (A Case Study of Bomborat Chital)
No full textTourism is the totality of the relationship and phenomenon arising from travel and stay of strangers, provided the stay does not imply the establishment of a permanent residence and is not connected with a remunerated activity. The current study made an attempt to find out the socio economic impact of tourism on the local community of district Chitral by taking Bomburet as case study area. By taking sample of 60 respondents from a total population of 1500, a well prepared questioners were used as data collection tool with basic descriptive frequency distribution, cross tabulation and interpretation of the findings as statistics tool the findings of the study indicates that tourism play a key role in both socio-economic sector. The demand for local Fresh fruits, Dry Fruit, Hotelling, Transport and Handy Crafts made from the local persons are increasing. 68% of the respondent agreed that tourism play a vital role in the economic development of Chitral supporting their arguments they favored that it directly leads to increase of household income, improve infrastructure, helps in growth of hotel business, increase the capability of acquiring knowledge related to tourism and hotel management. Promotion of public goods provision, improvement in the SME’s of local communities and provision of better security with flourishing greenery in dry mountainous tracts can increase the tourism significantly in the region
Antagonism and Antibiofilm Activity of Sterile Microbiota Growth Medium against Klebsiella pneumoniae In Vitro
No full textThe metabolic bacteria extraction, Sterile Microbiota Growth Medium (SMGM), may play a role as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent, reducing the virulence of pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo. These extracts can be used to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates. The present study aims to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of SMGM extracted from non-Staphylococcus aureus growth media on the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae, as assessed by biofilm formation and bacterial growth rate. In the current study, 25 skin swabs were collected from healthy volunteers to isolate non-S. aureus isolates (S. epidermidis). From these isolates, SMGMs were prepared aseptically from 10 isolates of S. epidermidis by collecting the overnight growth (Nutrient broth) and preparing cell-free growth media after centrifugation and passing through Millipore filters. The microdilution method on a microtiter plate was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of SMGM. Moreover, the microtiter plate and crystal violate method was used to assess the antibiofilm effect of different dilution of SMGM on the ability of K. pneumoniea to form biofilm in vitro. The results showed that all dilutions of SMGM ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64 reduced biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae (P<0.05). The study also demonstrated that SMGM reduced the growth rate of K. pneumoniae (P<0.05) at different time intervals (up to 48 h). It can be concluded from the current study that SMGM reduces the ability of K. pneumoniae to form biofilms and decreases the growth rate of planktonic cells
Exploring the Efficacy of CNN Architectures for Esophageal Cancer Classification Using Cell Vizio Images
No full textEsophageal cancer, as with the global burden of disease, is usually due to Barrret\u27s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Fortunately, the disease is amenable to early detection; however, early diagnosis has been complicated by the limitations of the existing diagnostic technologies. To address this problem, a new Convolutional Neural Network and ResNet50 architecture are presented in this study to aid esophageal cancer diagnosis through the classification of Cell Vizio images. This diagnosis is made by the deep learning architecture which does tissue classification into four categories thus improving the diagnostic sensitivity. For model training and testing preoperative perforations in sixty-one patients, 11,161 images were used. Data augmentation and normalization techniques were also performed on the images to help improve the outcome. Our training accuracy reached an impressive 99% 12, while our final f1 score was 93.05%. Our Res Net 50 model obtained an F1 score of 93.26%, precision of 94.05%, recall of 93.52 %, and validation accuracy of 93.32 %. These results indicate how well our deep learning-based technique can be used as a quick, non-embolic, accurate method for early detection of esophageal carcinoma
Ferroptosis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system: exploring treatment targets in cancer
No full textFerroptosis is an emerging mode of programmed cell death fueled by iron buildup and lipid peroxidation. Recent evidence points to the function of ferroptosis in the aetiology and development of cancer and other disorders. Consequently, harnessing iron death for disease treatment has diverted the interest of the researchers in the field of basic and clinical research. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a primary protein degradation pathway in eukaryotes. It involves labelling proteins to be degraded by ubiquitin (Ub), followed by recognition and degradation by the proteasome. Dysfunction of the UPS can contribute to diverse pathological processes, emphasizing the importance of maintaining organismal homeostasis. The regulation of protein stability is a critical component of the intricate molecular mechanism underlying iron death. Moreover, the intricate involvement of the UPS in regulating iron death-related molecules and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for targeted treatment strategies. Besides, it highlights the potential of ferroptosis as a promising target for cancer therapy, emphasizing the combination between ferroptosis and the UPS. The molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, including key regulators such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), cysteine/glutamate transporter (system XC-), and iron metabolism, are thoroughly examined, alongside the role of the UPS in modulating the abundance and activity of crucial proteins for ferroptotic cell death, such as GPX4, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2). As a pivotal regulatory system for macromolecular homeostasis, the UPS substantially impacts ferroptosis by directly or indirectly modulating iron death-related molecules or associated signaling pathways. This review explores the involvement of the UPS in regulating iron death-related molecules and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights for the targeted treatment of diseases associated with ferroptosis
Corrigendum: Therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their wide therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory disorder
No full textShape controlled synthesis of porous tetrametallic PtAgBiCo nanoplates as highly active and methanol-tolerant electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
No full textWe present a new two-step synthetic route combining the concepts of crystal symmetry, seed ratio and oxidative etching that yields tetrametallic PtAgBiCo nanoplates.</p
