5 research outputs found
Historian Militsa Nechkina and the Cultural and Intellectual Revolution
Get PDFThe first third of the 20th century was the time of cultural-intellectual and scientific revolution, whose essence concerned the development of so-called modernist trends (symbolism, futurism, etc.) and the transition to a non-classical model of science. A novice historian Milica Vasilyevna Nechkina matured in these circumstances. The article shows that her intellectual development was significantly influenced by the philosophy of Freud, the theory of psychoanalysis and the scientific theories of V. I. Vernadsky and Einstein. One of Nechkina’s aspirations was an interdisciplinary synthesis of the Humanities and natural Sciences. At the same time, in the spirit of the time, she recognized the possibility of the synthesis of science and art. Nechkina was greatly impressed by the book “Essays on the theory of historical knowledge” by R. Vipper, which justified the empiricist view of historical knowledge. She agreed with the view that historical knowledge is constructed by the researcher. The article especially emphasizes Nechkina’s interest in psychoanalysis, which was her method of research, including her own inner life. A small essay by Nechkina “About love, revolution, green lamp…”, in which psychoanalysis is applied to comprehending one’s place in the world, is examined in the article. The attitude of Nechkina to some representatives of the Marxist trend is considered separately. The author comes to the conclusion that the rich cultural and intellectual background became a breeding ground for the formation of a complex theoretical and methodological position, which can be perceived as modernist. At the same time, Nechkina did not deny traditional historiographical approaches. It is stressed that “psychologism”, humanitarian synthesis characteristic of her later scholarly work was the heritage of cultural and intellectual revolution, against whose background Nechkina emerged as a historian. The study was carried out on the basis of the sources of personal origin, including materials from the personal fund of M. V. Nechkina in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences previously not introduced into the scholarship
Knowledge about HIV prevention and attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS of foreign students from the Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria
Get PDFIntroduction: Medical students, future physicians of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), are a key group to whom targeted knowledge and adequate training should be directed in order to provide patient care without prejudice.Aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the knowledge about prevention, diagnosis, treatment of HIV and the attitude towards sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among medical students at the Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 students were surveyed using anonymous questionnaire. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and processed for the needs of the study with a documentary, statistical, and graphical method.Results: The analysis shows that according to the survey > 90% of students believe the early diagnosis/treatment increases the life expectancy of PLHIV, 78% chose Treatment can reduce the chance of HIV transmission, 94% can work/study with an HIV infected individual, 74% would not cut off their contacts with PLHIV, and 78% are not afraid to serve HIV-seropositive patients. However, 15% are not sure and 9% would do so only after a negative HIV test. These doubts are also confirmed in the opinion about the need to test for HIV all who seek medical care according to 67%, and only those subject to hospitalization according to 31%.Conclusion: According to the survey, students have correct knowledge about HIV prevention and a positive attitude towards PLHIV, but there are also some negative attitudes. Increasing HIV knowledge is an effective behavioral intervention in a variety of contexts. Universities are of utmost importance in achieving this goal
Breastfeeding by HIV-positive women - benefit or risk
Get PDFBreastfeeding is the ideal feeding pattern (the gold standard in nutrition) for all newborns globally. However, in the era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, breastfeeding is a challenge due to the transmission of HIV from the mother to the child. Aim: To provide a review of the risks and benefits of breastfeeding by HIV- positive mothers. Material and Methods: A review of studies examining the relationship between breastfeeding and transmission of HIV infection from the mother to the child has been performed in the accessible databases (PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) for the period 2001 - 2022. Results: In exclusive breastfeeding, infants have the lowest intestinal permeability compared to HIV at week 1 after birth compared to infants who are given other foods in addition to breast milk or no breast milk at all. Early weaning is detrimental to already infected babies. Their mortality is much higher if weaned earlier than if breastfeeding continued (73.6% vs. 54.8%; p = 0.007). Mixed feeding was also associated with a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV (OR 10.87; p = 0.018). Babies receiving replacement foods have a higher risk of death at 3 months. Conclusion: Pediatric prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy (ART) during lactation shows a reduction in the risk of transmission of HIV infection by up to 1.2%. A combination of maternal ART and prophylaxis for breastfeeding infants can effectively eliminate vertical transmission of HI
Application of biofilm film array blood colture identification panel for rapid identification of the causative agents of ventilator associated pneumonia
No full textObjective: To evaluate the ability of the BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID) panel to rapidly detect pathogens producing late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe infection often produced by Gram-negative bacteria. These microorganisms are frequently multidrug resistant and typically require broad-spectrum empiric treatment. Methods: In the context of an international multicentre clinical trial (MagicBullet), respiratory samples were collected at the time of suspicion of VAP from 165 patients in 32 participating hospitals in Spain, Greece and Italy. Microorganisms were identified using the BCID panel and compared with results obtained by conventional microbiologic techniques. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most commonly identified species, representing 54.7% (70/128) of microorganisms. The BCID panel showed high global specificity (98.1%; 95% confidence interval, 96–100) and negative predictive values (96.6%) and a global sensitivity and positive predictive value of 78.6% (95% confidence interval, 70–88) and 87.3%, respectively, for these microorganisms. Importantly, the BCID panel provided results in only 1 hour directly from respiratory samples with minimal sample processing times. Conclusions: The BCID panel may have clinical utility in rapidly ruling out microorganisms causing VAP, specifically multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species. This could facilitate the optimization of empiric treatment
The role of assistant pharmacists in pharmacies
Get PDFЦел: Целта на настоящата статия е да проследи нормативната регулация и потребността от бакалавър-фармацевти на фармацевтичния пазар, тяхната роля в лекарствоснабдителния процес.Лекарственото обслужване на населението и здравните заведения е неделима част от общата организация на медицинското обслужване на населението. Аптеката е основното структурно звено в аптечната система. Аптеката е здравно заведение за доставка, съхранение, приготвяне и отпускане по лекарско предписание и свободна продажба на разрешени за употреба в страната лекарства и други медицински изделия за опазване и подобряване здравето на населението. Помощник-фармацевт е професия с голяма и бърза реализация в България! Колкото до чужбина - и там признават нуждата от подобни кадри, просто са им разграничили задълженията, които изпълняват в България, в две съвсем отделни длъжност - pharmacy technician и pharmacy assistant.Методи и материали: Направен е преглед на нормативната уредба относно правата и задълженията на бакалавър-фармацевтите според сега действащото законодателство. Проведена е анонимна анкета сред работещи в аптеките на територията на град Варна. В анкетата са включени въпроси относно организацията на работния процес, типа на аптеката, броя и вида персонал, мнението на фармацевтите относно длъжностната характеристика и отговорностите на магистър-фармацевтите и помощник-фармацевтите.Резултати: В България има реализация на кадрите, завършващи МК със степен бакалавър и професионална квалификация „помощник-фармацевт`. Всички участници в анкетата са категорични и единодушни в отговора на въпроса: Необходимо ли е наличието на помощник-фармацевти в аптека от открит тип? 100% са дали положителен отговор.Aim: The aim of this article is to follow the legal regulation and the need for bachelor pharmacists in the pharmaceutical market, their role in the pharmaceutical supply process.The active service of the population and health care institutions is an integral part of the general organization of medical services provided for the population. The pharmacy is the main structural unit in the pharmacy system. It is a health facility for delivery, storage, preparation and dispensing by a physician`s prescription or via prescription-free sale of authorized in the country medicines and other medical products to protect and improve public health.The profession of the assistant pharmacist is with a wide and rapid implementation in Bulgaria! As for abroad there the need of such professionals is recognized as well. The difference is that there the position is separated into a pharmacy technician and a pharmacy assistant.Materials and Methods: A review of the legislation on the rights and obligations of bachelor pharmacists under existing law was done. We have conducted an anonymous poll among individuals working in pharmacies in the city of Varna. It included questions about work organization, type of pharmacy, the number and types of personnel, opinion of pharmacists on the job description and responsibilities of the master pharmacists and assistant pharmacists. Results: In Bulgaria, there a professional realization of students graduating from the Medical College of Varna with with a Bachelor‘s degree and professional qualification „Assistant Pharmacist`. All respondents were adamant and unanimous in answering the question: Is there a need of assistant pharmacists in an open type pharmacy? -100% gave a positive response
