1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Benefits and Costs of European Union Enlargement: Should Central and Eastern European CountriesJoin the EU?
No full textThis research project tries to assess the impact of a future European Union enlargement on the economies of the candidate countries from Central and Eastern Europe and on the current members of the Union. The study looks at benefits and costs for the European Union and for the ex-socialist countries. Membership for the Eastern European countries will help promote economic growth and raise standards of living.The costs of membership, however, should not be underestimated since, for Eastern European states, they will be in addition to the already high costs of transitioning from centrally planned economies to market economies. The enlargement will also be beneficial for the EU. In addition to the larger market, an expansion into Eastern Europe will also mean more and easier business for firms because of uniform standards. The economic costs for the Union are mainly associated with the need for an increase in developmental funding. An enlargement will also create a larger European Union with greater political power in international negotiations and will raise security in Europe. The research also examines how the accession of Greece, Portugal, and Spain has influenced the economies of the new and old members of the Union. Portugal and Spain, as well as the European Union, benefited economically from the enlargement. Greece, on the other hand, lagged in its economic development after it joined the European Union. This example shows that Union accession is more likely to have a positive impact for Eastern Europe; however, European Union membership alone will not bring economic growth (as Greece\u27s case shows). The study also looks at economic development in Central and Eastern European countries for the past decade. The analysis shows that European Union accession may benefit Eastern Europe but probably will not have a significant economic impact on the European Union. Should Central and Eastern European countries join the EU? Yes, but they should be cautious and not overestimate the benefits or ignore the costs of membership
Sustainable development of environment and ICT in Bulgaria
No full textBulgaria is a country relatively well endowed with natural resources. Forests cover about one third of the country and a rich biodiversity exists. Strictly protected areas cover about of 5 % of the country and a wide range of valuable ecosystems also exists outside this areas. Like many other Eastern European countries Bulgaria faces important environmental pollution and destruction of natural resources, which constitute a threat to human wellbeing and sustainable development prospects that is why sustainable development of environment and sustainable use of natural resources, in particular, are leading priority on forming Bulgarian legislation. A project of Sustainable Development Strategy of Bulgaria was edited in 2007 and National Strategy for Environment for the period 2009 – 2018 was also developed in 2008. A number of Lows and Regulations requested for the sustainable usage and protection of natural resources wеre introduced, altered and supplemented several times in the last decade. The process for integration of the environmental sustainability in ICT policy implemented in Bulgaria has started comparatively soon. Currently, the National Strategy on ICT policy in Bulgaria was developed (2007), but it does not cover issues related to the environment and sustainable development, as the State Agency for Information Technology and Communications (SAITC) reported recently. However, its delayed endorsement opens an opportunity to add this omitted topic. Bulgaria’s intended integration in the EU in 2007 has been a driving force in the current government’s decision to develop an outline for an ICT policy track. The promises and strategic objectives of the government, given since 2000, are aligned with requirements for Bulgaria’s application for the EU. Information Technology is essential for business and a country overall to be competitive in the world today. Realizing is the first step in its full implementation. That has been done. However, implementation has been lagging behind. The ICT program promises sound pretty generic and formulaic. They are all true, but do not show how they apply specifically to Bulgaria yet. An overview on the state in the ITC sector in Bulgaria is given in brief. The national policy is described and the National Strategy documents in the domain for the period 2007 – 2013 are discussed. Some positive and negative points of ICT usage in the natural resources and environmental management sector are indicated. The prospect and challenges from an independent expert point of view are lay down.http://enviroinfo.eu/sites/default/files/pdfs/vol122/0187.pd
Antibacterial Potential of Pulp Capping Materials
No full textA critical analysis of the antibacterial effect of the main representatives of calcium silicate cements (CSCs) was made. An analysis of the most frequently used methods for screening the antibacterial activity of materials has been made. The inhibitory activity of CSCs against major types of microorganisms such as Candia albicans, E. faecalis, and strains streptococcus was evaluated and compared. The antibacterial effects of CSCs are not yet well and completely known because no evidence compares the antibacterial properties of bioceramic materials with a uniform methodological approach. It is important to provide standardization of testing methods for evaluating the antibacterial potential of the materials and different bacterial strains. To this stage, there are no reproducible and standardized methods for evaluating of antibacterial activity of CSCs
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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