1,360,309 research outputs found
Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Bulgaria: Lessons from the Historical Record
No full textThere are two aspects through which an economic policy can influence the economic situation – monetary and fiscal. Monetary and fiscal policies have different and sometimes controversial goals to achieve by means of specific instruments. While the mission of central banks is generally price stability, governments usually set their goals in the realm of economic growth and employment. Fiscal institutions , however, often use inflation in order to derive revenues (seigniorage) and finance budget deficits. Hence, inflation is viewed as a public finance phenomenon (Barro, 1979; Mankiw, 1987; Grilli, 1989). The purpose of this paper is to present a historical perspective on the behaviour of the monetary and fiscal policies pursued in Bulgaria from 1879, when the Bulgarian National Bank was established (soon after the liberation from the Ottoman Empire). Furthermore, historical time series of monetary and fiscal indicators give us the chance to study the link between government budget problems, fluctuations of monetary variables and inflation dynamics in different monetary episodes.monetary and fiscal policy, inflation, exchange rate
Climate change and seasonal floods: potential long-term nutritional consequences for children in Kerala, India
No full textIn the aftermath of the worst flooding Kerala has experienced in nearly a century, we highlight the urgency of considering the long-term health consequences of floods, especially on young children.
Based on the recent Demographic and Health Survey data for India in 2015–2016, we provided evidence showing that abnormally wet conditions increased the likelihood of undernutrition for children aged under 5 as measured by stunting and wasting.
Experiencing floods during infancy, being a girs with illiterate mothers making a child particularly vulnerable to being stunted while living in the rural area increases the risk of being wasted due to floods.
We put forward that nutritional and water and sanitation interventions at the critical period of flood exposure can reverse the course of undernutrition which in turn can reduce the cost of poor human development in the long run
After the floods: Differential impacts of rainfall anomalies on child stunting in India
No full text• Excessive rainfall increases the risk of child stunting in India.
• Children from socially disadvantaged households display higher vulnerability to such shocks.
• Investment in women’s education can significantly reduce the risk of child stunting
Market research and business plan for the establishment of a private preschool with a bilingual program
No full textThe establishment of the gold standard in Southeast Europe: convergence to a new system or divergence from an old one
No full textThe establishment of the Bulgarian monetary system, as that of other newborn Southeast European states, occurred at a time in which the very meaning of money was being redefined at an international level, with the establishment of the gold standard. The homologation of the Balkan “periphery” to the West European “center” occurred thus at a time in which the relations between center and periphery were undergoing a radical change. In fact, the relations between different economic spaces, between center and periphery, between domestic and foreign trade, depend crucially on the peculiar form taken by the monetary regime: different monetary regimes design different relations between internal and external money, and hence between domestic economy and foreign trade.
Should the diffusion of the gold standard be read univocally as the establishment of an age of gold out of an age of darkness? Or is it better understood as the transition from a secular age of gold and silver to a precarious age of gold? The purpose of this paper is to reinterpret this story in the light of the system that preceded it, namely the bimetallic system that had characterized European economies over the previous five centuries. In a historical and comparative perspective, the monetary history of Bulgaria, as that of other neighboring countries, appears not as a necessary, however troubled, convergence towards the ultimate and universal gold standard, but rather as an undecided, and therefore troubled, option between two historically alternative monetary standards, bimetallic and monometallic, each with its own advantages and drawbacks
Towards automated knowledge-based mapping between individual conceptualisations to empower personalisation of Geospatial Semantic Web
No full textGeospatial domain is characterised by vagueness, especially in the semantic disambiguation of the concepts in the domain, which makes defining universally accepted geo- ontology an onerous task. This is compounded by the lack of appropriate methods and techniques where the individual semantic conceptualisations can be captured and compared to each other. With multiple user conceptualisations, efforts towards a reliable Geospatial Semantic Web, therefore, require personalisation where user diversity can be incorporated. The work presented in this paper is part of our ongoing research on applying commonsense reasoning to elicit and maintain models that represent users' conceptualisations. Such user models will enable taking into account the users' perspective of the real world and will empower personalisation algorithms for the Semantic Web. Intelligent information processing over the Semantic Web can be achieved if different conceptualisations can be integrated in a semantic environment and mismatches between different conceptualisations can be outlined. In this paper, a formal approach for detecting mismatches between a user's and an expert's conceptual model is outlined. The formalisation is used as the basis to develop algorithms to compare models defined in OWL. The algorithms are illustrated in a geographical domain using concepts from the SPACE ontology developed as part of the SWEET suite of ontologies for the Semantic Web by NASA, and are evaluated by comparing test cases of possible user misconceptions
Wisława Szymborska in the Memories of Blaga Dimitrova
No full textThe most creative person in the history of Bulgarian literature is Blaga Dimitrova. This article presents her memories of the outstanding Polish poet Wisława Szymborska. Situations she recalls took place in the 50s, 60s and 70s of the 20th century. This was a time when the Polish Nobel Prize Winner in Literature began to create her literary works. The sincere friendship between Dimitrova and Szymborska is also depicted here. It can be proved by the statement of Dimitrova's husband, Jordan Vasilev
A modified protocol for in vivo footprinting by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction.
No full textInstitutionalization of Imported Rules in the European Union's New Member States: Bringing Politics Back in the Research Agenda
No full textThis paper sets out to explore the puzzle of possible institutionalization or reversal of rules 'imported' by new member states from Central and Eastern Europe during their preparation for accession to the EU. It argues that the institutionalization of formal rules adopted as part of enlargement requirements is not automatic post accession. New formal rules can be reversed, supported by secondary rules and institutionalized or ignored and not implemented. The paper proposes a politics framework that suggests that these different outcomes will be influenced by the environment of weak post communist states and will depend on the area specific configuration of formal and informal veto players and on the EU's ability to impose sanctions. In the case of non acquis imported rules, reversal of formal rules would be possible without sanctions whereas in the case of acquis rules, the likely outcomes are institutionalization or 'empty shells'. Another outcome, 'capture' of the new rules is likely in areas with distributive implications.enlargement; East-Central Europe; acquis communautaire; institutionalisation; administrative adaptation
Nurse\u27s role and activities at treating person with narcissistic personality disorder
No full textUvod: Narcisistična osebnostna motnja je kompleksna osebnostna motnja, ki zahteva, da se zdravstvena obravnava prilagodi značilnostim posameznika. Motnjo je težko zdraviti, saj je kronična. Temelj zdravljenja je v individualni psihoterapiji. Vloga medicinske sestre je, da osebo v procesu zdravljenja vodi, ji nudi podporo in pomoč. Medicinska sestra si mora postaviti tudi cilje, ki ji bodo pomagali pri delu s to osebo. Namen: Namen je celostno obravnavati narcisistično osebnostno motnjo in opredeliti vlogo medicinske sestre in aktivnosti zdravstvene nege v procesu zdravljenja osebe z narcisistično osebnostno motnjo. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s sistematičnim pregledom slovenske in tuje znanstvene in strokovne literature. Pri iskanju je upoštevan časovni okvir od leta 2011 do 2022. Uporabljenih je bilo skupno 38 enot literature, ki so bile iskane s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CINAHL, MedLine, Google Scholar, prek spletnega portala digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani DiKul in iskalniku PubMed. Zaradi relevantnih podatkov, kot je vloga medicinske sestre pri osebi z narcisistično motnjo, so bili izjemoma vključeni tudi starejši članki, ki so bili odkriti že leta nazaj. Rezultati: Naloga medicinske sestre ni pozdraviti narcisistično osebnostno motnjo, temveč spodbuditi osebo k sodelovanju pri zdravljenju. Pri obravnavi osebe z narcisistično osebnostno motnjo se osredotoči na zdravljenje motnje oziroma izboljšanje njenega stanja. Razprava in zaključek: Vloga medicinske sestre ni, da bi spremenila vedenje osebe, vendar pa lahko globlje razumevanje te motnje ter ustrezen pristop in terapevtska komunikacija pripomorejo k uspešnejši obravnavi in izidu zdravljenja te motnje. Aktivnosti, ki jih medicinska sestra izvaja pri osebi z narcisistično osebnostno motnjo, so se izkazale za koristne.Introduction: Narcissistic personality disorder is a complex personality disorder that requires medical treatment to be tailored to the individual\u27s characteristics. The disorder is difficult to treat as it is chronic. The foundation of treatment is found in individual psychotherapy. Nurse is here to guide the person in the treatment process, provide support and assistance. The nurse\u27s role is to guide, support and help the person in the treatment process. The nurse must also set goals that will help her work with person who has narcissistic personality disorder. Purpose: The main purpose of this thesis is to comprehensively present the field of narcissistic personality disorder and to define the role of nurse and nursing activities in process of treating a person with narcissistic personality disorder. We want to determine the most important activities that a nurse performs in the process of treating narcissistic personality disorder. Methods: In this thesis a descriptive research method is used with a systematic overeview of Slovenian and foreign scientific and academic literature. Time of article\u27s edition was determined from 2011 to 2022. There were used 38 units of literature with help of searching databases CINAHL, MedLine, Google Scholar, through web portal of digital library of University in Ljubljana DiKul and PubMed. We took into consideration to not use articles older than from 2011 year, with exception to some of them to provide for relevance of the data, such as role of the nurse in treatment process of a person with narcissistic personality disorder, which were discovered years ago. Results: The nurse\u27s role is not to cure narcissistic personality disorder but to encourage the person to participate in the process of treatment. When treating a person with narcissistic personality disorder, the focus is on treatment and on improving it\u27s condition. Discussion and conclusion: The nurse\u27s role is not to change the person\u27s behavior, but a deeper understanding of this disorder and an appropriate approach and therapeutic communication can contribute to a more successful treatment and treatment outcome of this disorder. The activities that nurse performs with the person with narcissistic personality disorder have been shown to be beneficial
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