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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cardiac and pulmonary adaptations in basketball athletes of different age groups
No full textThe physical activity that someone develops during the sport discipline of basketball leads to adaptations in the cardiac and pulmonary system. However, there is limited information about these adaptations for younger ages and veteran athletes. Also, there is no reference in the literature regarding the extent of adaptations between different ages in basketball. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiac and pulmonary adaptations caused by the systematic training of basketball and the comparison of the results between children, adolescent, adult and veteran basketball players. The study comprised 160 male participants, 80 basketball players (Group A-aged 25.5±13.9 yrs old) and 80 subjects who served as controls (Group B, aged 26.6±14.2 yrs old). The basketball players were divided according to age, to children (Group A1, aged 14.6±0.5 yrs old, n = 20), adolescents (Group A2, aged 16.7±0.7 yrs old, n = 20 ), adults (Group A3-aged 22.4±2.9 yrs old, n = 20) and veterans (Group A4-aged 48.2±5.6 yrs old, n = 20). Control groups consisted of healthy children (Group B1-aged 14.0±0.7 yrs old, n = 20), adolescents (Group B2-aged 16.5±0.7 yrs old, n = 20), adults (Group B3- aged 27.5±4.1 yrs old, n = 20) and middle aged (Group B4-aged 48.4±7.0 yrs old, n = 20), who where healthy and sedentary. All participants underwent to the following screening tests: a) athletic history, b) anthropometric measurements, c) 12-lead resting ECG, d) echocardiography, e) resting spirometry and f) exercise test with ergospirometry. There was a significantly reduced HR at rest by 17.3% (p<0.05) in group A compared with group B. Groups A1, A2, A3 and A4 had significantly lower HR at rest compared with the groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 by 19.0%, 21.4%, 12.4% and 16.4%, respectively (p<0.05). The echocardigraphic study based on covariance analysis showed no significant statistical differences between or within groups regarding the left ventricle internal diameter during diastole (LVID) while end diastolic volume (EDV) was significant increased in group A3 compared with group B3 by 14,4% (p<0.05). The relative wall thickness ratio (RWTr) was significant higher in groups A1 and A3 compared with groups B1 and B3 by 12,1% and 5,3%, respectively (p<0.05). Left ventricular mass (LVM) and the left ventricular mass index were significant higher in groups A1, A2, A3 and A4 compared with groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 by 25,5%, 15%, 30,5%, 12,1% and 34,1%, 17,6%, 32,9%, 14,7%, respectively (p<0.05). Moreover, LVMI was significant increased in group A1 compared with group A3 by 14,1% (p<0.05). In groups A1, A2, A3 and A4, the time to exhaustion was significantly higher by 28.3%, 13.7%, 16.7% and 10.8% compared with the groups B1, B2, B3 and B4, respectively (p<0.05), and also was significantly higher in groups A1, A2 and A3 compared to the A4 group by 26.5%, 24.8% and 17.7%, respectively (p<0.05). The V̇O2max in relative values was higher in group A1 compared with groups B1 and A4 by 17.4% and 46.0%, respectively (p<0.05), group A2 compared to groups B2 and A4 by 9.4% and 38.6% respectively (p<0.05), in group A3 compared with groups B3 and A4 by 34.1% and 37.3%, respectively (p<0.05) and in group A4 compared with group B4 by 17.8% (p<0.05). An analysis of covariance with dependent variable V̇O2max and age as covariate the differences remained significant in basketball groups compared with control groups, but eliminated in the comparisons by age in both basketball players and their respective control groups. The spirometric test showed that the measured forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly higher in groups A1 and A4 than in group B1 and B4 by 13.5% and 16.3%, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, it was significantly lower in group B4 compared with groups B2 and B3 by 21.8% and 27.1%, respectively (p<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that the cardiac and pulmonary adaptations caused by basketball training are formed in the early age stages and maintained throughout the years of action. The increased left ventricular mass appears to be due to the increased wall thickness of the left ventricle than the dilatation of the cavity. There seems to be moderate adaptations in the pulmonary system, but these adaptations are significantly higher than in non exercisers.Η φυσική δραστηριότητα που αναπτύσσει κάποιος κατά τη διάρκεια του αθλήματος της καλαθοσφαίρισης οδηγεί σε αιμοδυναμικές μεταβολές, που χρόνια οδηγούν σε προσαρμογές στο κυκλοφορικό και αναπνευστικό σύστημα. Ωστόσο, οι πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις προσαρμογές αυτές είναι περιορισμένες για τις μικρές ηλικίες και σε βετεράνους αθλητές. Ιδιαίτερα, δεν υπάρχει καμία αναφορά στη βιβλιογραφία αναφορικά με τη σύγκριση της έκτασης των προσαρμογών μεταξύ των διαφόρων ηλικιών καλαθοσφαιριστών. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η εκτίμηση των καρδιακών και πνευμονικών προσαρμογών που επιφέρει η συστηματική ενασχόληση με το άθλημα της καλαθοσφαίρισης και η σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων μεταξύ παίδων, έφηβων, ενήλικων και βετεράνων καλαθοσφαιριστών. Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 160 άτομα, 80 αθλητές καλαθοσφαίρισης (Ομάδα Α-μέση ηλικία 25,5±13,9 έτη) και 80 άτομα αποτέλεσαν την ομάδα ελέγχου (Ομάδα Β-μέση ηλικία 26,6±14,2 έτη). Οι αθλητές καλαθοσφαίρισης χωρίστηκαν ανάλογα με την ηλικία, στους παίδες (Ομάδα Α1-μέση ηλικία 14,6±0,5 έτη, n=20), έφηβους (Ομάδα Α2-μέση ηλικία 16,7±0,7 έτη, n=20), ενήλικες (Ομάδα Α3-μέση ηλικία 22,4±2,9 έτη, n=20) και βετεράνους (Ομάδα Α4-μέση ηλικία 48,2±5,6 έτη, n=20). Οι ομάδες ελέγχου αποτελούνταν από υγιείς παίδες (Ομάδα Β1-μέση ηλικία 14,0±0,7 έτη, n=20), έφηβους (Ομάδα Β2-μέση ηλικία 16,5±0,7 έτη, n=20), ενήλικες (Ομάδα Β3-μέση ηλικία 27,5±4,1 έτη, n=20) και άτομα μέσης ηλικίας (Ομάδα Β4-μέση ηλικία 48,4±7,0 έτη, n=20), που δε συμμετείχαν σε καμία αθλητική δραστηριότητα. Οι συμμετέχοντες υποβλήθηκαν στις εξής εξετάσεις: α) αθλητικό ιστορικό, β) ανθρωπομετρικές εξετάσεις, γ) ΗΚΓ ηρεμίας 12 απαγωγών, δ) υπερηχοκαρδιογράφημα, ε) σπιρομέτρηση ηρεμίας και στ) δοκιμασία κοπώσεως με ταυτόχρονη εργοσπιρομέτρηση. Παρατηρήθηκε σημαντικά μικρότερη τιμή της καρδιακής συχνότητας ηρεμίας κατά 17.3% (p<0,05) στην ομάδα Α συγκριτικά με την ομάδα B. Oι ομάδες Α1, Α2, Α3 και Α4 είχαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερη καρδιακή συχνότητα ηρεμίας συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β1, Β2, Β3 και Β4 κατά 19,0%, 21,4%, 12,4% και 16,4%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05). Από την υπερηχοκαρδιογραφική μελέτη με βάση την ανάλυση συνδιακύμανσης δεν προέκυψε καμία διαφορά μεταξύ των ομάδων αναφορικά με την τελο-διαστολική διάμετρο της αριστερής κοιλίας (LVIDd), ενώ ο τελο-διαστολικός όγκος (EDV) ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος στην ομάδα Α3 συγκριτικά με την ομάδα Β3 κατά 14,4%, (p<0,05). Το σχετικό πάχος τοιχώματος (RWTr) ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερο στις ομάδες Α1 και Α3 συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β1 και Β3 κατά 12,1% και 5,3%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05). Η μάζα (LVM) και ο δείκτης μάζας της αριστερής κοιλίας (LVMI) ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερα στις ομάδες Α1, Α2, Α3 και Α4 συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες B1, B2, B3 και Β4 κατά 25,5%, 15%, 30,5% και 12,1% και 34,1%, 17,6%, 32,9% 14,7%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05). Επιπλέον, στην ομάδα Α1 ο LVMΙ εμφανίστηκε σημαντικά μικρότερος σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα Α3 κατά 14,1%, (p<0,05). Στις ομάδες Α1, Α2, Α3 και Α4, ο χρόνος κόπωσης ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος κατά 28,3%, 13,7%, 16,7% και 10,8% συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β1, Β2, Β3 και Β4, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05), ενώ σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος ήταν και στις ομάδες Α1, Α2 και Α3 συγκριτικά με την ομάδα Α4 κατά 26,5%, 24,8% και 17,7%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05). Σε σχετικές τιμές, η V̇Ο2max ήταν αυξημένη στην ομάδα Α1 συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β1 και Α4 κατά 17,4% και 46,0%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05), στην ομάδα Α2 σε σύγκριση με τις ομάδες Β2 και Α4 κατά 9,4% και 38,6%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05), στην ομάδα Α3 σε σύγκριση με τις ομάδες Β3 και Α4 κατά 34,1% και 37,3%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05) και στην ομάδα Α4 συγκριτικά με την ομάδα Β4 κατά 17,8% (p<0,05). Από την ανάλυση συνδιακύμανσης με εξαρτημένη μεταβλητή την V̇Ο2 και συμμεταβλητή την ηλικία διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι διαφορές παρέμειναν το ίδιο σημαντικές στους καλαθοσφαιριστές συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες ελέγχου, ενώ εξαλείφθηκαν στις συγκρίσεις ανά ηλικία τόσο στους καλαθοσφαιριστές όσο και στις αντίστοιχες ομάδες ελέγχου. Ο σπιρομετρικός έλεγχος με βάση την ανάλυση συνδιακύμανσης έδειξε ότι η μετρούμενη δυναμική ζωτική χωρητικότητα (FVC) ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερη στις ομάδες Α1 και Α4 συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β1 και Β4 κατά 13,5% και 16,3%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05). Επίσης, ήταν σημαντικά μικρότερος στην ομάδα Β4 συγκριτικά με τις ομάδες Β2 και Β3 κατά 21,8% και 27,1%, αντίστοιχα (p<0,05). Από τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης διαπιστώνεται, ότι οι καρδιακές και πνευμονικές προσαρμογές που επιφέρει το άθλημα της καλαθοσφαίρισης διαμορφώνονται ήδη από τη μικρή ηλικία και διατηρούνται σε όλη την πορεία της ενεργού δράσης των αθλητών. Η αύξηση της μάζας της αριστερής κοιλίας φαίνεται να οφείλεται στην αύξηση του πάχους τοιχώματος της αριστερής κοιλίας παρά στη διάταση της κοιλότητας. Οι προσαρμογές στο αναπνευστικό σύστημα είναι μέτριου βαθμού, ωστόσο παραμένουν σε υψηλότερο επίπεδο συγκριτικά με τους μη ασκούμενους
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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