41 research outputs found
Irish Defence Forces - An Cosantóir. 'Cybersecurity & the Internet of Things - Transforming Our Approach to Defence'. Kerigan-Kyrou D.A.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) - the connection of devices across the internet - presents near limitless improvements for military equipment and defence capabilities. IoT collates data from weapons systems and platforms on land, sea, air, and from satellites, as well as directly from military personnel. For example, threats to Defence Forces, as well as threats to those we are protecting, can be more quickly and accurately identified with IoT enabled Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). Real-time medical information can be transmitted for rapid assessment via ‘wearables’ embedded into combat uniform. IoT will be increasingly used for navigation on land, at sea, and in the air. Moreover, IoT is becoming integral to vehicle control and operation systems including control consoles, electronic chart displays, automatic identification systems, navigation decision support, data recorders, automatic steering, autopilot, power management, loading, stability, alarms and safety systems - to name a just few. Likewise, access control to bases and facilities - cameras, barriers, swipe cards, biometric IDs - may be increasingly connected online. IoT utilising RFID tags will create a much more efficient military supply-chain. And functional operations on which we depend, such as heating and electricity, maybe soon controlled online by IoT. But IoT creates substantial cyber security concerns. Military IoT uses the same internet we all use every day; there is no ‘super secure’ internet for important things like government, military and critical infrastructure, and another for Facebook and WhatsApp. It’s all the one internet. As US Col Pat Duggan, National Security Agency (NSA) Director for Cyber Security states: “By 2020 there’s going to be over 50 billion connected devices... wearables, sensors, devices [are] going to be on us, around us, under us, and will be perpetually fuelled by declining cost, ever more powerful processing capabilities, and ever-growing availability. Everything that can be connected will be, creating unforeseen implications...What do we do when our entire [defence] population becomes a wireless node, constantly emitting or receiving data from innumerable locations across countless devices for limitless reasons...?” Cyber security experts have been warning for some time of the substantial IoT security vulnerabilities which can be manipulated via a hack - for example, forcing a weapon or vehicle to operate in way unintended by its legitimate operator. Or hacking a ‘smart’ heating system on a base enabling a terrorist or other nefarious actor to remotely explode a boiler. IoT can also be used as a conduit by an adversary to spy on Defence Forces, the State and our allies via cameras and microphones, or by remotely monitoring the activities and movements of our equipment and personnel. Fortunately, at the strategic level, the State is working closely with our EU partners and NATO (Ireland is a member of NATO’s ‘Partnership for Peace’). National Cyber Security Centre Ireland works highly proactively with international organisations developing IoT security to protect Defence Forces and the State. But IoT - like all aspects of cyber security we’ve looked at in this three-part series - introduces responsibilities to every member of Defence Forces. These new responsibilities may not fit particularly comfortably within a traditional military structure. The Internet of Things introduces so many potential ‘ways in’ for an adversary that we all need to become part of an alert system to identify possible breaches and vulnerabilities at the earliest possible opportunity. It doesn’t matter what your rank is; the responsibility involves everyone in every branch of Army, Air Corps, and Naval Service. If you notice anything unusual with equipment that may be connected online, raise the matter as quickly as possible with your CO or CIS Corps. Action at the strategic level isn’t enough. As we increasingly move to an ‘everything connected’ IoT environment we all need to be empowered to be part of a single cyber security early warning system. The cyber security of the Defence Forces - and ultimately of the State - depends on everyone across the Irish Defence Forces.
Dinos Anthony Kerigan-Kyrou coordinates and instructs on the 1st Joint Command & Staff Course cybersecurity module. He is an instructor on NATO’s DEEP - Defence Education Enhancement Programme and is a co-author of the NATO / Partnership for Peace Consortium Cyber Security Curriculum
Steroid receptor expression in human endometrium during the follicular phase of stimulated cycles
No full textThe biological role of endometrium is to provide an environment for the implantation and development of the embryo. In order to achieve this task, endometrium undergoes regular cyclic changes. It is well known, that these changes are regulated by ovarian steroids through their direct action on their endometrial receptors. The low implantation rate following ovarian stimulation has led to the hypothesis that decreased endometrial receptivity might be responsible for the high implantation failure in IVF. Most studies in stimulated cycles focus on luteal phase. Up to date there is limited information available in the literature about the status of endometrial steroid receptors in the follicular phase of patients undergoing stimulation. In 31 patients (age <39 years) stimulated with gonadotrophins and GnRH antagonists for intrauterine insemination (IUI) an endometrialbiopsy was performed on the first day after the end of menstruation and a second biopsy was performed two (Group 0 + 2, n = 10) or four (Group 0 + 4, n = 11) days after the first biopsy, or on the day of hCG administration (Group 0 + hCG, n = 10). Expression of progesterone (PR) and estrogen (ER) receptor was investigated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. The results of the current study shows that PR and ER levels were significantly increased in the second versus the first biopsy, in all groups analyzed (P = 0.01), in both stromal and glandular cells. Between the three groups compared, a significant increase in PR expression was observed for glandular cells (P = 0.03), with the highest value observed in Group 0 + 4. Moreover, the increase in PR expression in stromal cells differed between groups (P = 0.01), with the highest value observed in the Group 0 + hCG. In conclusion, in stimulated cycles for IUI, ER expression in both glandular and stromal endometrial cells, after an initial increase, does not appear to change significantly during the follicular phase. On the contrary, during the same period of time, following an initial rise, PR expression in glandular and stromal cells continues to increase.Ο βιολογικός ρόλος του ενδομητρίου είναι να παρέχει ένα φιλικό περιβάλλον για την εμφύτευση και ανάπτυξη του εμβρύου. Για να επιτευχθεί αυτό, το ενδομήτριο υποβάλλεται σε τακτικές κυκλικές αλλαγές. Είναι γνωστό, ότι οι μεταβολές αυτές ρυθμίζονται από τις στεροειδείς ορμόνες μέσω της άμεσης δράσης τους στους ενδομήτριους υποδοχείς τους. Το χαμηλό ποσοστό εμφύτευσης μετά τη διέγερση των ωοθηκών έχει οδηγήσει στην υπόθεση ότι η μείωση του ενδομήτριας δεκτικότητας μπορεί να ευθύνονται για την υψηλή αποτυχία εμφύτευσης στην εξωσωματική γονιμοποίηση. Οι περισσότερες μελέτες σε κύκλους διέγερσης αφορούν στην ωχρινική φάση. Μέχρι σήμερα υπάρχουν περιορισμένες διαθέσιμες πληροφορίες στη βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με τους ενδομήτριους ορμονικούς υποδοχείς στην ωοθυλακική φάση των ασθενών που υποβάλλονται σε διέγερση. Σε 31 ασθενείς (ηλικίας <39 ετών) οι οποίες δέχθηκαν διέγερση με rec FSH και GnRH ανταγωνιστές για ενδομήτρια σπερματέγχυση υποβλήθηκαν σε ενδομήτρια βιοψία την πρώτη ημέρα μετά το τέλος της εμμήνου ρύσεως και μια δεύτερη βιοψία σε δύο (Ομάδα 0 + 2, n = 10) ή τέσσερις (Ομάδα 0 + 4, n = 11) ημέρες μετά την πρώτη βιοψία, ή την ημέρα της χορήγησης της hCG (Ομάδα 0 + hCG, n = 10). Η Έκφραση των υποδοχέων της προγεστερόνης (PR) και των οιστρογόνων (ER) μελετήθηκε με ανοσοϊστοχημεία χρησιμοποιώντας μονοκλωνικά αντισώματα. Τα αποτελέσματα της τρέχουσας μελέτη δείχνουν ότι τα επίπεδα των ER αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά κατά τη δεύτερη σε σχέση με την πρώτη βιοψία, σε όλες τις ομάδες που αναλύθηκαν (P = 0,01), και στα στρωματικά και στα αδενικά κύτταρα. Μεταξύ των τριών ομάδων, μια σημαντική αύξηση στην έκφραση των PR παρατηρήθηκε για τα αδενικά κύτταρα (P = 0,03), με την υψηλότερη τιμή στην ομάδα 0 + 4. Επιπλέον, η αύξηση στην έκφραση των PR στα στρωματικά κύτταρα διέφερε μεταξύ των ομάδων (P = 0,01), με την υψηλότερη τιμή στην Ομάδα 0 + hCG. Συμπερασματικά, σε κύκλους διέγερσης για ενδομήτρια σπερματέγχυση, η έκφραση των ER στα αδενικά και στρωματικά κύτταρα του ενδομητρίου, μετά από μια αρχική αύξηση, δεν φαίνεται να μεταβάλλονται σημαντικά κατά τη διάρκεια της ωοθυλακικής φάσης. Αντιθέτως, κατά την ίδια χρονική περίοδο, μετά από μια αρχική αύξηση, η έκφραση των PR στα αδενικά και στρωματικά κύτταρα συνεχίζει να αυξάνεται
Dymiące stosy i antyczne biografie
No full textPolycarp was a 2nd century bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp he died a martyr, burned at the stake. Author says that the fire failed to touch him. In the literary form the Martyrdom of Polycarp follow a letter format, but it is also one of the earliest martyr acts. In his description of the death of Polycarp, author follows the way of presenting such events in other ancien authors, as Xenophon (Kyrou paideia) or Callisthenes of Olynthus (Kat’ Alexandrou)
Dymiące stosy i antyczne biografie
Get PDFPolycarp was a 2nd century bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp he died a martyr, burned at the stake. Author says that the fire failed to touch him. In the literary form the Martyrdom of Polycarp follow a letter format, but it is also one of the earliest martyr acts. In his description of the death of Polycarp, author follows the way of presenting such events in other ancien authors, as Xenophon (Kyrou paideia) or Callisthenes of Olynthus (Kat’ Alexandrou)
Bladder Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor: A Novel Rare Neoplasm
No full textPerivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) have recently been defined as a group of neoplasms that have in common the co-expression of melanocytic and smooth muscle markers. We report a novel case of a rare bladder PEComa and we review the relevant literature.</jats:p
Behaviour of buried pipelines subjected to external loading.
Get PDFThe research presented in this Thesis was carried out at the University of Sheffield under
the supervision of Dr I. C. Pyrah and Dr W. F. Anderson, and Mr G. Leach at British Gas
Engineering Research Station (ERS). The research was financially supported by a British
Gas Research Scholarship and by the Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme.
The Author would like to express his sincere gratitude to his supervisors for their invaluable
help, guidance and encouragement during the development of the research.
The Author is also grateful to Dr S. R. Mi for his interest and assistance throughout the
research. Special thanks also go to Dr S. J. Wheeler for his supervision during the first year
of the research and sound advice in the initial stage of the work.
The Author would like to express his gratitude to all members of the geotechnics group at
the University of Sheffield for the useful discussions and comments. Special thanks and
appreciation are extended to the staff at the ERS, particularly Mr E. Middleton for
providing the data of the field tests and constructive comments.
The laboratory tests were performed at ERS Soils Laboratory for which the Author is
thankful to the laboratory staff. The Author must also thank British Gas for providing the
computer hardware and software for performing the numerical analyses, and the printing
facilities to produce the Thesis. Thanks also go to Mr D. Reay and Mr B. Bellwood at the
Gas Research Centre of British Gas for ensuring continuous financial support throughout
the award period.
Finally, the Author wishes to thank his family and friends for their endless support and
encouragement throughout the period of study in the UK. Without them, this Thesis may
never have been completed
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFCopyright © 2024 Shea, Lionis, Kite, Lagojda, Uthman, Dallaway, Atkinson, Chaggar, Randeva and Kyrou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems. However, studies in this field remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the prevalence of one or more common mental health conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, and/or stress) in adults with NAFLD. Methods: PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in order to identify studies reporting the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among adults with NAFLD. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and stress. Results: In total, 31 studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 2,126,593 adults with NAFLD. Meta-analyses yielded a pooled prevalence of 26.3% (95% CI: 19.2 to 34) for depression, 37.2% (95% CI: 21.6 to 54.3%) for anxiety, and 51.4% (95% CI: 5.5 to 95.8%) for stress among adults with NAFLD. Conclusion: The present findings suggest a high prevalence of mental health morbidity among adults with NAFLD. Given the related public health impact, this finding should prompt further research to investigate such associations and elucidate potential associations between NAFLD and mental health morbidity, exploring potential shared underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021288934.Acknowledgements: SS, IK, and HR would like to thank the University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW) NHS Trust and the General Charities of Coventry for their ongoing support
How to improve the probability of pregnancy in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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