1,721,005 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Proteomic analysis reveals dysregulation of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex auto-inflammatory disease affecting the brain and spinal cord, which results in axonal de-myelination and symptoms including fatigue, pain, and difficulties with vision and mobility. The involvement of the immune system in the pathology of MS is well established, particularly the adaptive T cell response, and there has been a particular focus on the IL-17-producing subset of Th17 cells and their role in driving disease. However, the importance of innate immune cells has not been so well characterised.METHOD: Here we focused on neutrophils, which are innate immune cells and rapid responders to inflammation, and which have recently been linked to other chronic autoimmune conditions. Multiple strands of evidence in patients with MS and in mice with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis MS model suggest neutrophils may play a role in driving MS inflammation. Here, we performed proteomic analysis on neutrophils from patients with MS and healthy donors, revealing striking differences.RESULTS: In particular, granule proteins were significantly more abundant in the MS neutrophils compared to the healthy controls, with a particular over-abundance of proteins in primary and secondary granules. In addition, members of the MAVS signalling pathway were differently regulated compared to healthy donor cells.CONCLUSION: Finally, we find that MS neutrophils do not suppress T cell activation equivalently to healthy neutrophils, and in particular are unable to suppress expression of CD161 on the T cells, indicative of a suppression of Th17 differentiation. We propose that neutrophil dysregulation in MS may contribute to dysfunctional T cell responses.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of T Cell Metabolism in Health and Disease
No full textT lymphocytes are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, with key roles in the immune response to infection and cancer. Their activity is fundamentally underpinned by dynamic, regulated changes in their metabolism. This ensures adequate availability of energy and biosynthetic precursors for clonal expansion and effector function, and also directly regulates cell signaling, gene transcription, and protein translation. In health, distinct T cells subtypes demonstrate differences in intrinsic metabolic capacity which correlate with their specialized immune functions. In disease, T cells with impaired immune function appear to be likewise metabolically impaired. Furthermore, diseased tissue environments-through inadequate provision of nutrients and oxygen, or accumulation of metabolic intermediates, end-products, and cytokines- can impose metabolic insufficiency upon these cells, and further compound intrinsic impairments. These intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of T cell metabolism and their potential compound effects, together with the mechanisms involved form the subject of this review. We will also discuss how dysfunctional metabolic pathways may be therapeutically targeted to restore normal T cell function in disease.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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