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Bringing Political Culture into the Study of Flexicuritization of Migration: A Reflective Research Commentary on the Greek Case
Get PDFThe Securitization of Migration in Greece 2011-2019: A Discourse and Practice Analysis
Get PDFThe European migration crisis, and in particular, the ongoing Greek refugee crisis that burst in 2015, have resulted in the resurgence of the constructivist depiction of migrants - and since 2015 of refugees - as a threat to host countries. Yet, in the case of Greece, the securitization of migration and its various political, social, and economic implications have largely remained underexplored. In this context, the primary goal of this paper is to present the findings of a PhD research revolving around the evolution of the securitization of migration in Greece through the decoding of the security logic that governs and drives political elites in terms of speech acts and securitization practices for the period 2011-2019. The main hypothesis and central argument of this paper, that is, that migration in Greece from 2011 to 2015, but also the refugee crisis of 2015 to 2019, are subject to continuous securitizing procedures, are confirmed through the use of the methodological approach of discourse analysis in speech acts of political elites (Copenhagen School) in conjunction with the examination of securitization practices (School of Paris).More specifically, the discourse analysis focuses - separately but also synthetically - on the periods 2011-2013, 2014-2018 and finally on 2019, attempting to unfold the securitization patterns and the (institutionalized) emergency measures that were applied in Greece during the periods under examination. For each period, speech acts, securitizing actors, referent objects, and extraordinary measures as well as securitization practices were examined. In total, discourse analysis (Copenhagen School) was performed on 116 texts such as Program statements, Parliamentary Debates, Press Releases, Television Interviews, Police Statements, Church Statements, Political Party Programs, and Internet Websites, Newspapers and Legal Texts. Moreover, a large number of separate securitization practices, as stated by the Paris School of Security, were examined. The result? - Migration in Greece from 2011 to 2019, is highly securitized
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The transition of Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) from a Euroscepticist Party into European Social-Democratic Party between 1974 and 1987
Get PDFEurosceptic rhetoric that PASOK had been expressing for years and had been constantly using for its confrontation with right-wing opponents (Nea Dimokratia). The fall of the junta and the return of Constantine Karamanlis is basically the starting point for PASOK's official expression of hard Euroscepticism. PASOK, as a genuine socialist party, rejected any form of participation in Western-style organizations and was therefore a major ardent against the European idea and European policy of Greece. Initially the party believed that European Integration could only harm the already fragile Greek economy and lead it to a further recession. PASOK took office for the first time in 1981 with the Greek economy presenting structural problems such as unemployment and stagnation. In addition to economic problems the government had to cope with the participation in the European institutions, which had emerged as a consequence of the proposed accession to the EEC by the previous government. Even before taking up duties, PASOK began to revise its political attitude towards the EEC, and it was not talking about leaving anymore. Yet, it opted for a special relationship. The prospect of taking power along with the tension that accompanied this prospect, transformed and evolved PASOK into a different party with genuine pro-European characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to indicate that as the probability for PASOK to take over the country's governance increased, a qualitative change of Euroscepticism from hard to moderate (1977-81) took place. In fact, friction with government power turned it into a pro-European party (1981-89). This analysis will examine specific events that played a role in shaping both governmental and party preferences during the period under consideration. Finally, an important point will be to draw critical conclusions about the reasons why PASOK revised its European ideas and transformed itself into a social-democratic party with a strong unifying factor up to date
The securitization of migration in Greece, 2011 - 2019: theory and practice of Desecuritization as a process for the integration of migrants in the greek society
No full textThe European migration crisis, and in particular the ongoing Greek refugee crisis that burst in 2015, have resulted in the resurgence of the constructivist depiction of migrants - and ever since 2015 of refugees - as a threat to the host country in a matter of global research interest. Nevertheless, as far as the Greek case is concerned, the securitization of migration and its various political, social and economic implications have largely remained undertheorized. In this context, the primary goal of this dissertation is to investigate the evolution of the securitization of migration in Greece through the decoding of the security logic that governs and drives political elites in terms of speech acts and practices for the period 2011-2019. The main hypothesis and central argument of this thesis, that is, that migration to Greece from 2011 to 2015, but also the refugee crisis of 2015 to 2019, are subject to continuous securitizing procedures, are confirmed through the use of the methodological approach of speech analysis in speech acts of political elites (Copenhagen School) in conjunction with the examination of securitizing practices (School of Paris). The second aim of this dissertation is to investigate and construct a desecuritization framework, through the management and supervision of migratory flows. Therefore, a pragmatic or otherwise utilitarian, flexible and positive form of securitization/desecuritization is presented, "flexicuritization" that takes primarily into account the alleviation of the concerns of the citizens of the host state, ie Greece, in order to achieve the desecuritization of migrants and refugees, resulting at the return of the host state to normal politics.Η ευρωπαική μεταναστευτική κρίση και ειδικότερα η ελληνική προσφυγική κρίση από το 2015 μέχρι και σήμερα (2020), είχαν ως αποτέλεσμα την αναμόχλευση της κονστρουκτιβιστικής αποτύπωσης του μετανάστη - και μετά από ένα χρονικό σημείο (2015) και του πρόσφυγα - ως απειλή για τη χώρα υποδοχής σε ζήτημα παγκόσμιου ερευνητικού ενδιαφέροντος. Παρόλα αυτά, όσον αφορά στην ελληνική περίπτωση, η ασφαλειοποίηση της μετανάστευσης και οι ποικίλες προεκτάσεις της στο πολιτικό, κοινωνικό και οικονομικό γίγνεσθαι, έχουν παραμείνει ως επί το πλείστον υποθεωρητικοποιημένες. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, ο πρωταρχικός στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να διερευνήσει την εξέλιξη της ασφαλειοποίησης της μετανάστευσης στην Ελλάδα μέσω της αποκωδικοποίησης της λογικής ασφαλείας που διέπει τις πολιτικές ελίτ σε όρους λεκτικών δράσεων και πρακτικών από το 2011 έως το 2019. Η βασική υπόθεση της διατριβής, ότι η μετανάστευση στην Ελλάδα από το 2011 μέχρι και το 2015, αλλά και η προσφυγική κρίση του 2015 μέχρι και το 2019, υπόκεινται σε συνεχείς διαδικασίες ασφαλειοποίησης, επιβεβαιώνονται μέσω της χρήσης της μεθοδολογικής προσέγγισης της ανάλυσης λόγου σε λεκτικές δράσεις πολιτικών ελίτ (Σχολή της Κοπεγχάγης) σε συνδυασμό με την εξέταση ασφαλειοποιητικών πρακτικών (Σχολή του Παρισίου). Δεύτερος στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής, είναι η διερεύνηση και κατασκευή ενός πλαισίου από-ασφαλειοποίησης, μέσω της διαχείρισης και της επιτήρησης των μεταναστευτικών ροών. Παρουσιάζεται ως εκ τούτου, μια πραγματιστική ή αλλιώς ωφελιμιστική και ευέλικτη αλλά και θετική μορφή ασφαλειοποίησης/ αποασφαλειοποίησης, η «ευελιξασφαλειοποίηση» (flexicuritization) που λαμβάνει υπόψη πρωτίστως τον κατευνασμό των ανησυχιών των πολιτών του κράτους υποδοχής, δηλαδή της Ελλάδας, προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί και η από-ασφάλεια των μεταναστών και των προσφύγων οδηγώντας εντέλει το κράτος υποδοχής στην κανονική πολιτική
The Decommissioning of the Middle Class
Get PDF: The euro crisis has threatened the balance of social structures, through the impoverishment of the middle class, in almost all countries of the Old Continent. This trend has not only posed a threat to social cohesion, but it also threats the very nature of the so-called Western-style Democracy. The reason for this is that there is a class that has always been a "cushion" that absorbs both the vibrations of competition and the confrontation of the social elite with the socially weak, offering the latter the ability to overcome their misery. In most capitalist economies, the middle class label is based on an economic definition that is largely based on a lifestyle that is based on a certain economic robustness and endurance. With the deepening of the crisis, however, the diversity of the middle class not only has it been jeopardized, but rather, it has gradually been replaced by a new demographic category called the prekariat. This new category consists of a group of people once in the middle class and currently marginalized. All of this leads to generalized uncertainty and totally unstable political attitudes, with intense mobility at the extremes. The rapid rise of right and left-wing populism is an aspect of the threatened subjugation of the middle class strata. The consequences for societies when their layered center is lost are obvious and significant
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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