1,720,959 research outputs found
Testing the use of daylight-linked control systems to address integrative lighting and energy savings in office buildings
No full textDaylight-linked control systems (DLCSs) are used to maintain constant work plane illuminance and save energy. If properly calibrated, they could be used to guarantee circadian requirements fulfilment as well. In this study, the functioning of a closed-loop proportional dimming system is simulated based on on-field measurements. Simulations are performed calibrating the system to achieve different targets: three work plane task illuminances (300 lx, 500 lx, 750 lx) and one melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melEDI) value (250 lx) alternatively. Four electric light CCT profiles (stable at 3000 K, 4000 K, and 6500 K, and variable during the day) are considered. Results demonstrate that when the system is calibrated according to work plane illuminance, melEDI values are always fulfilled under clear sky and with overcast sky when task illuminance and CCT are high. When the system is calibrated to meet circadian requirements, the CCT choice is crucial to guarantee work plane illuminance
Simplified modelling methods to design integrative lighting
No full textEvaluating non-visual effects of light is crucial. Designers often use DIALux for this purpose even if it is intended for calculating photopic quantities exclusively. To verify its applicability in this context, two approaches for melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance calculation are compared against measured data. Measurements were performed for 21 scenarios obtained combining 7 wall colours and 3 CCTs. Method 1 adopts traditional DIALux simulations, in method 2 melanopic flux and reflectance replace the corresponding photopic quantities. Method 2 performs better in 71.43% of cases, especially for colours highly reflective in long wavelengths; the opposite occurs for colours most reflective in short wavelengths
Office workers’ performance and satisfaction with the luminous environment under standard and daylight mimicking LEDs
No full textThe effects of illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) on people's work performance, mood, and comfort have been previously investigated, but some aspects need to be deepened. In particular, CCT does not uniquely describe light spectral power distribution (SPD), hence it is not sufficient to define the effects of light on people's non-visual responses. This study aims to extend current knowledge about the acute effects of light on people's work performance, mood, and environmental appraisal by carrying out a 2x2 mixed design experiment where LEDs' SPD (standard and daylight-mimicking) is the within-subject factor and CCT (4000 K and 6500 K) is the between-subject factor. 40 participants, aged between 18 and 35, joined the experiment. It was found that SPD has significant effects on reaction time in selective attention and errors in working memory activities, being the performances under daylight-mimicking LEDs the best. Moreover, a lower number of errors in sustained attention and executive function was registered under 4000 K against 6500 K, but better performances occurred under 6500 K against 4000 K considering errors in selective attention and reaction speed in sustained attention. Regarding room appraisal, 4000 K was preferred over 6500 K and daylight-mimicking LEDs were preferred over the standard ones
Lighting Quality Self-assessment in Italian Home Offices
No full textThe spread of information technology and the improvement of telecommunicating systems have changed the way to conceive work. People performing typical office activities provided with a laptop and an internet connection can work in whatever place: a coffee house, a waiting room of a train station, an airport, or their own home. The habit to work at home has amazingly spread due to the Covid-19 pandemic, arising crucial questions. Are home work-stations comfortable enough to work? Are lighting conditions of residential spaces proper to perform typical office activities? This paper presents a survey investigating the typical characteristics of the luminous environment in home working spaces (considering both daylight and electric light) and people’s average awareness about light and lighting-connected themes. The research has been carried out through an online questionnaire addressed to home workers and students forced to stay home because of the Covid-19 spread. The results demonstrated that many interviewees have difficulties in managing light and are not completely aware of the right actions to take to improve lighting quality of home workplaces. Moreover, a complete lack of knowledge about electric light has emerged. So, popularizing more knowledge about light and lighting-connected themes is prominent. Indeed, now and even more in the future, people will work in places other than the traditional workplaces, for which standards regulating lighting characteristics do not exist. In this context, the definition of ad hoc guidelines and the spread of best practices should be a crucial goal for researchers and experts in lighting
Object or process: a cognitive view on translation
No full textAs soon as we conceive translation as a continuum from interpretation to writing, we can see that it is not only a textual product but a particular form of re-conceptualization. From the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics, translators deal with categories and categorizing judgements, rather than "simple" word meanings. The equation between meaning and conceptualization bridges the gap between interpretation and writing, as it frames every translated text as the outcome of a human processing activity
Light-environment interactions and integrative lighting design: Connecting visual, non-visual and energy requirements in a case study experiment
No full textBeyond vision, light influences human circadian rhythms and buildings' energy consumption. Design solutions are needed to satisfy visual and circadian requirements while minimizing lighting energy demands. By reflecting the incident radiation, inner surfaces influence spatial and spectral light distribution, affecting the energy needed to achieve task illuminance and light-induced circadian response. Here, the walls' spectral characteristics' impact on the overall luminous environment and power demands is analysed in a test room, combining seven walls' colours and three sources' correlated colour temperatures (CCTs). Hence, the luminaires are set to meet visual needs: eye level spectral irradiances are measured, and light-induced circadian responses are obtained regarding both circadian stimulus (CS) and melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mel-EDI). It is found that both parameters are higher for highly reflective walls or those most reflective in the short-wavelength interval, being insufficient for proper circadian stimulation according to current guidelines. For all colours, the highest mel-EDIs occur with 6000 K CCT and the lowest for 3000 K CCT. On the contrary, CSs are generally higher for 6000 K and lower for 4000 K. Second, the power demands necessary to meet circadian requirements are calculated. With warm sources, sufficient CS and mel-EDI values are achieved for similar eye-level illuminance, requiring similar light outputs and power demands regardless of the wall's colour. In all the other cases, the light outputs and the corresponding power demands to achieve mel-EDI = 136 lx are much lower than those to reach CS = 30%, while those to achieve mel-EDI = 250 lx are quite always the highest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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