205 research outputs found
Optimization of glycerol monolaurate (GML) synthesis from glycerol and lauric acid using dealuminated zeolite y catalyst
No full textPreparation and characterization of KF/CaO-MgO catalyst for monoglycerides synthesis
No full textA heterogeneous KF/CaO-MgO catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and was characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET and Tanabe method. The effects of weight KF addition, temperature and time of calcination on catalyst preparation were investigated. The influence of basicity value of catalyst was investigated. KF/CaO-MgO catalyst could perform the active sites to produced a high MG yield of 47.96% for 2%w KF addition, at 550 oC of calcination temperature and 2 hours of calcination time. It has a high spesific surface area (110,924 m2/g) that favorable for contact between catalyst and substrates, which effectively improved efficiency of glycerolysis. The high activity of the catalyst was described to the formation of KCaF3 and MgKF3 crystals
Methane to Liquid Fuels over Metal Loaded HZSM-5 Catalyst
No full textZSM-5 zeolite is an acidic catalyst that is highly potential for the conversion of natural gas to liquid fuels. One of the variables that controls the acidity of the ZSM-5 is its Si/Al ratio. Loading the ZSM-5 zeolite with transition metals produces a catalyst with dual function – acidic and oxidative. These two functions need to be balanced to promote certain reactions such as dehydrogenation and oligomerization and to suppress the combustion reaction. The purpose of this study is to modify the ZSM-5 zeolite by substitution of aluminium in the zeolitic framework with an oxidative element, and test its performance for the conversion of methane to liquid fuels. Metal loaded dealuminated ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared by the acidic ion exchange method. Cr, Cu and Ga were chosen based on their role as a metal-oxide catalyst in reforming and dehydrogenation processes. The oxidation of methane was carried out in a micro-packed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure, 800°C, F/W = 10440 ml/g.hr and 9 vol% O2. The experimental results indicated that methane oxidation over the metal loaded dealuminated ZSM-5 produced gasoline with an encouraging Research Octane Number. The conversion of methane and the selectivity of gasoline obtained demonstrate that these catalysts have the potential to convert methane to C5+ liquid hydrocarbons
Use of Epoxidized Waste Cooking Oil as Bioplasticizer of Sago Starch-Based Biocomposite Reinforced Microfibrillated Cellulose of Bamboo
No full textTransformation of waste cooking oil into bioplasticizer can be wisely converted by epoxidation with peroxyacetic acid and acid catalysts due to highly unsaturated triglyceride. This paper was aimed to investigate performance of epoxidized waste cooking oil (EWCO) as bio plasticizer of starch-based biocomposite reinforced microfibrillated cellulose of bamboo (MFC) based on tensile strength, and thermal stability by TGA. All of bamboo MFC was prepared through cellulose isolation by chemical treatments and microfibrillated cellulose conversion by assistance of ultrasonic homogenizer. The result showed that EWCO can increase the mechanical performance up to 10.7 MPa of EWCO 0.6% in 3% of MFC while by using glycerol 1.5% the biocomposite attained 1.9 MPa.
Keywords:bamboo, bioplasticizer,microfibrillated cellulose, waste cooking oil, epoxidation
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