1,720,989 research outputs found
An Examination of Goal Processes and Goal Cognitions in Relation to Momentary Mood Changes
Full text linkGoal dysregulation theories posit that affective disorders are linked to dysregulation of goal pursuit (e.g. Johnson, Carver, & Fulford, 2010) and many psychological therapies for mood disorders focus on increasing wellbeing by working with individuals to generate and pursue personally meaningful goals. The literature pertaining to goals and mood has identified highly idiosyncratic nomothetic properties of goal pursuit such as perceived goal progress, goal importance and goal effort which all contribute to distinct goal pursuit profiles. For example, perceived goal progress has been linked to positive affect and affective reactions may serve to alter the amount of effort made towards that goal (Carver, Avivi, & Laurenceau, (2008). Gollwitzer (1993) contended that the perceived importance of a person’s goal would influence their level of effort towards that goal. Specifically, it is suggested that the centrality of that goal to a person’s self-concept increases the importance of that goal (Boden, 1973). The importance a person places on their goals may be detrimental if that individual is overly invested in a particular goal and they are not achieving their desired level of progress towards this goal and therefore have increased difficulty in disengaging from their goals despite low goal progress (Lam, Green, Power, & Checkley, 1994; Wrosch, Scheier, Carver, & Schulz, 2003). Additionally, more recent research into Conditional Goal Setting (Street, 2001) posits that those vulnerable to depression are suggested to define their self worth on the achievement of their goals.
Although personal goals typically represent sustained activity over time and phenomena such as motivation and mood fluctuate, most of the research on goals and mood has been limited to the use of cross-sectional designs which usually treat them as stable, measuring them at a time point and ask the person to recall retrospectively. This method is suggested to make capturing completely the true nature of a person’s goal pursuit and mood experience in the moment unlikely. Additionally, this approach is susceptible to recall and cognitive biases.
Experience Sampling Method (ESM) allows researchers to look at mood from a momentary perspective to examine dynamic and transient emotional reactions. Several studies have used ESM to look at momentary mood and personal goals. To the author’s knowledge, to date, there has been no systematic review of the findings of these studies. Chapter 1 of this thesis details a systematic review conducted with the aim of synthesising the current empirical research concerning goal processes, content and/or cognitions and their relationship to momentary mood using ESM. This systematic review focused only on studies using an Experience Sampling Methodology to look at goal processes and mood. Results from the review found that a range of goal processes and goal cognitions were found to be associated with affective experience and in particular, all studies found that goal progress was linked to experiencing positive affect. The studies identified were from a variety of settings, including universities, business and workplace settings and healthcare settings, with varying participant samples. Studies differed in the terms they used to define goals and how they asked people to generate goals. The quality of these studies varied however as ESM is a developing methodology in research, standard quality assessment tools are not available currently.
In an effort to further contribute to the research in this domain, Chapter 2 presents an empirical study examining the relationship between the particular goal cognitions of perceived goal progress and perceived levels of goal effort and their impact on momentary mood through the use of ESM. It is hoped that this will allow not only for highly ecological, real-life assessments of mood and goal cognitions but also an evaluation of the potential impact of Conditional Goal Setting. It was hypothesised that lower perceived momentary goal progress and higher momentary goal effort would be associated with greater momentary mood symptoms in those with higher CGS scores. The findings of this study suggest that negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) fluctuated considerably from moment-to-moment over time. ESM captures these within-person fluctuations as well as the between-person differences. Examining momentary mood changes from a goal pursuit perspective found that goal progress and amount of goal effort account for some of the variance in these fluctuations. In particular, results showed that not only does advancement in goal progress predict momentary positive mood, it also predicts decreased negative mood. In addition, perceived goal effort was found to be related to momentary PA and NA in that increased effort led to more NA and less effort led to more PA. A combination of increased goal progress and decreased goal effort predicted increased levels of PA and vice versa for NA. Contrary to expectation, CGS did not predict momentary mood. Extensive previous cross-sectional research has identified this link between goal progress and affective experiences and data from ESM studies sheds further light on the conceptual frameworks surrounding motivation, goal pursuit and mood
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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