1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Application de la stimulation transcrânienne en courant continu (tDCS) chez les joueurs pathologiques : effets neurobiologiques et comportementaux
No full textIntroduction : Le jeu pathologique est décrit par un comportement excessif de jeu d’argent et de hasard qui peut mener à des conséquences négatives multiples pour le sujet affecté, son entourage et la société. Il fait maintenant partie dans le Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) de la catégorie « Troubles reliés à une substance et troubles addictifs » sur la base de caractéristiques partagées avec le trouble de dépendances aux substances. Par exemple, l’utilisation de méthodes d’investigation cérébrale avancées telles que l’imagerie par résonance fonctionnelle (IRMf) a permis de mettre en évidence la présence d’altérations de la connectivité fonctionnelle au repos notamment au niveau du réseau fronto-striatal chez les individus avec un trouble de dépendance. D’autre part, des études en spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (MRS) ont relevé des niveaux anormalement bas de métabolites neuronaux incluant le GABA, le glutamate+glutamine (Glx) et le N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) au niveau des lobes frontaux chez les individus avec un trouble de dépendance. Enfin, les individus avec une dépendance présentent des déficits de prise de décision ainsi qu’un niveau de « craving » intense envers des stimuli liés à la substance ou à l’expérience désirée (ex. : le jeu). De manière intéressante, lorsqu’appliquée sur le cortex préfrontal, la stimulation transcrânienne en courant continu (tDCS) a démontré une modulation de la connectivité fonctionnelle au repos et des concentrations en métabolites neuronaux dans plusieurs structures du cerveau ainsi que l’amélioration de la prise de décision chez les volontaires sains et la diminution du craving dans plusieurs types de dépendances mais n’a jamais été appliquée chez les joueurs pathologiques. Objectifs : Ainsi cette thèse de doctorat comporte deux objectifs principaux. 1) Évaluer les effets neurobiologiques de la tDCS chez les joueurs pathologiques : connectivité fonctionnelle au repos (étude 1) et concentrations en métabolites neuronaux (étude 2). 2) Évaluer les effets comportementaux de la tDCS chez les joueurs pathologiques : craving (étude 1). Méthode : Pour les deux études, un devis expérimental croisé, randomisé et aveugle à deux niveaux a été conduit chez des participants joueurs pathologiques. Chaque participant a participé à deux visites. Lors de chacune de ces deux visites, une session d’IRM combinée à la tDCS a eu lieu pendant laquelle des mesures de connectivité fonctionnelle au repos et de mesures de MRS ont été acquises. La tDCS a été appliquée bilatéralement sur le cortex préfrontal (anode à droite, cathode à gauche) pendant 30 min à 1 mA. Le craving a été mesuré avant et après chaque session. L’étude 1 a révélé que la tDCS active comparée à la tDCS placébo induit une modulation de la connectivité fonctionnelle au repos du cortex préfrontal. Notamment, une diminution de la connectivité fonctionnelle entre structures frontales distinctes et au niveau des réseaux fronto-pariétal a été observée pendant la tDCS active chez les joueurs pathologiques. Cette étude a aussi montré que la tDCS n’entraîne pas de changement des comportements de craving. L’étude 2 a révélé que la tDCS active comparée à la tDCS placébo augmente le niveau de GABA préfrontal mais n’engendre pas de modulation des concentrations de Glx et NAA au niveau préfrontal ni du Glx, GABA ou NAA au niveau striatal. De plus, les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que les joueurs pathologiques présentant des niveaux plus élevés de prise de risque, impulsivité et craving sont plus aptes à répondre à la stimulation. Conclusion : Les études composant cette thèse de doctorat ont permis d’approfondir les connaissances sur les effets neurobiologiques de la tDCS chez les joueurs pathologiques. En effet, différents substrats neuronaux connus comme étant associés aux symptômes du jeu pathologique ont pu être modulés grâce à la tDCS, suggérant que cet outil pourrait avoir un intérêt thérapeutique chez cette population. Néanmoins, les effets bénéfiques d’appliquer la tDCS pour diminuer le craving chez cette population restent à être démontrés. Par conséquent, des études ultérieures doivent être réalisées pour vérifier cette hypothèse, ainsi que des essais cliniques employant des protocoles connus comme ayant des résultats bénéfiques dans plusieurs maladies psychiatriques telles que des sessions répétées de tDCS étalées sur une période de temps. Mots-clés : Jeu pathologique - stimulation transcrânienne en courant continu - imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle - connectivité fonctionnelle au repos - spectroscopie par résonance magnétique - cravingIntroduction: Gambling Disorder is described by engaging in compulsive and excessive gambling behaviors that can lead to multiple negative consequences for the affected individual, his or her entourage and society. Gambling disorder is now included in the category of "Substance-Related Disorders and Addictive Disorders" in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5), based on shared characteristics with substance use disorders. For example, the use of advanced cerebral investigation methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has made it possible to demonstrate the presence of abnormal patterns of resting state functional connectivity, particularly in the fronto-striatal network in individuals with an addictive disorder. Moreover, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have found abnormally low frontal lobe levels of neuronal metabolites including GABA, glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in individuals with an addictive disorder. Finally, individuals with an addictive disorder are described by impaired decision-making as well as high levels of craving towards stimuli related to the desired substance or in this case, gambling. Interestingly, when applied over the prefrontal cortex, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) stimulation has shown to modulate resting state functional connectivity and neuronal metabolites levels in several brain structures as well as improve decision-making in healthy volunteers and decrease levels of craving in substance use disorders but has never been used in gambling disorder. Objectives: Thus, the present doctoral thesis has two main objectives. 1) Evaluate the neurobiological effects of tDCS in subjects with gambling disorder: resting functional connectivity (study 1) and neuronal metabolites levels (study 2). 2) Evaluate the behavioral effects of tDCS in subjects with gambling disorder: craving (study 1). Methods: For both studies, we used a crossover, randomized and blinded at 2-levels study was conducted with subjects with gambling disorder. Each subject participated in two visits. During each of the two visits, a combined MRI/tDCS session took place during which measures of resting functional connectivity and MRS measurements were acquired. tDCS was applied bilaterally over the prefrontal cortex (anode right/cathode left) during 30 min at 1mA. In addition, craving was measured before and after each MRI/tDCS session. Study 1 revealed that active compared with sham tDCS induces a decrease in resting state functional connectivity between distinct frontal structures and over fronto-parietal networks. This study also showed that a single session of active compared with sham tDCS does not modulate craving levels. Study 2 revealed that active compared with sham tDCS increases prefrontal GABA levels but does not modulate prefrontal Glutamate and NAA levels nor striatal Glutamate, GABA or NAA levels. The results of this study also suggest that subjects with gambling disorder who display greater level of risk taking, impulsivity and craving are more likely to respond to tDCS. Conclusion: The two studies included in the doctoral thesis here presented have contributed to a deeper understanding of the neurobiological effects of tDCS in gambling disorder. Indeed, various neuronal substrates known to be associated with the symptoms of pathological gambling were modulated by tDCS, implying that this tool could have a therapeutic interest in this clinical population. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of applying tDCS in order to reduce risk-taking and craving in this population remain to be demonstrated. Therefore, further studies have to be carried out to verify this hypothesis, as well as clinical trials employing protocols known to have beneficial results in several psychiatric diseases such as repeated tDCS sessions spread over a period of time. Key-words: Gambling disorder - transcranial direct current stimulation - functional magnetic resonance imaging - resting state functional connectivity - magnetic resonance spectroscopy - cravin
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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