1,720,972 research outputs found
Gender Bias in Public Perceptions of Sex Offender Sentencing
No full textThis research project sought to uncover gender biases in public perceptions of sex offender sentencing in the context of student-teacher sexual relationships. This study was conducted by administering a survey with a short vignette describing a student-teacher sexual relationship while randomizing the gender of the teacher. Respondents were then asked a series of questions about their opinions of the encounter. The sample (N=322) showed pronounced differences between the answers of the male respondents (N=171) and female respondents (N=151), especially in the areas of sentencing, whether the teacher committed a crime, and whether the teacher should be made to register as a sex offender. Overall, female respondents were much more punitive toward both the male and female offenders than the male respondents. Meanwhile, male respondents were especially lenient toward the female offender. These results suggest that gender roles shape how we perceive deviant behavior and the sex offender role
A Study of Mass Shootings in the United States: The Effects of Mental Health and High Capacity Weapons on Fatalities and Injuries
No full textA public mass shooting is defined by federal agencies as a shooting that kills four or more people in a single public location and at a single point in time. This study examined ninety-two cases of public mass shooting in the United States between 1982 and 2018. The study looked to identify common characteristics among mass shootings, specifically looking at the role of assault weapons in public mass shootings, the mental health of the offender, and the connection between state gun laws and public mass shootings. This study found that almost 70% of mass shooters used an assault weapon to carry out their killings, and the use of assault weapons resulted in significantly more fatalities and injuries compared to the use of low-capacity weapons. More than half of mass shooters exhibited signs of mental illness before committing a public mass shooting, and the majority of offenders had a formal record of their mental illness. In addition, this study found that public mass shooting crime rates decreased in states with more lenient gun laws
Exploring Trends in Federal Sex Trafficking Cases
No full textSex trafficking is quickly becoming one of the most prevalent issues in the realm of criminal justice and society in general. There are more slaves in the world today than at any other point in history, and this horrific crime is affecting the most vulnerable members of society, with traffickers using various methods of recruitment and control to enslave their victims. Using court records and data from Dr. Vanessa Bouche's Human Trafficking Data, this paper is an exploratory study on victims and offender demographics at the federal level of the judiciary. Also included is an in-depth examination of charging and sentencing trends, geographic patterns, and the progression of sex trafficking prosecution at the federal level
Defunding the Police: A Taxonomy of Strategies and Their Potential for Change
No full textThe purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of what community members believe are the major issues with policing, along with the best ways to solve these issues. The researcher recruited and interviewed six activists and three police officers. The study contains qualitative data, gathered through semi-structured interviews to explore ideas related to issues with police in the United States. Then, the researcher analyzed common themes in the interviews in order to understand the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed strategies to improve policing. This resulted in three general categories: reforming the police, defunding the police, and abolishing the police. Most activists suggested simple reform strategies, most commonly suggesting strategies like increasing diversity in police departments, forming citizen advisory boards, and defunding the police. A key finding showed that most activists recognize systemic issues with police, but strategies for substantial change are not well-known. Participants mentioned the strategies of abolition and defunding the least, but these seem to fall in line better with the issues with police that the participants pointed out. Community members easily pointed out problems with the police, but many failed to actually address these issues with their proposed solutions. In order to move forward and create a fair, just, and safe policing system in America, strategies must go past simple reform. Calls to defund or abolish the police are significant, and researchers should further study these solutions to gain a more comprehensive understanding
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
