1,720,960 research outputs found
Chemopreventive effects of wild carrot oil against 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice
No full textContext: Daucus carota L. ssp. carota (Apiacea) is widely distributed throughout the world and has many uses in traditional medicine. Objective: The present study investigates the chemopreventive effects of oil extract of D. carota umbels on 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer in mice. Materials and methods: D. carota oil extract (DCOE) was prepared by extracting the dried umbels with 50:50 acetone:methanol. Skin papilloma were initiated by DMBA and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorobol-13-acetate (TPA). The extract was administered to animals via gavage (0.02 mL of 100percent oil), intraperitoneal (0.3 mL of 2percent oil), and topical (0.2 mL of 5, 50, and 100percent oil) routes for 20 weeks. Tumor appearance, incidence, yield, and volume were compared with those of a non-treated control group. Results: Topical 100percent treatment delayed tumor appearance, and inhibited tumor incidence and yield by 40 and 89percent, respectively. Topical 50percent treatment inhibited tumor incidence and yield by 30 and 83percent, respectively, whereas the 5percent treatment inhibited tumor yield by 36percent. Tumor volume was decreased by 99, 91, and 70percent following topical treatments with 100, 50, and 5percent oil, respectively. Intraperitoneal treatment inhibited tumor yield by 43percent, and decreased tumor volume by 85percent, whereas gavage treatment showed minimal effects on both. Intraperitoneal and topical treatment decreased infiltration and hyperplasia with an increase in the level of hyperkeratosis. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that DCOE has remarkable antitumor activity against DMBA-induced skin cancer compared with non-treated animals paving the ground for further investigations. © 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.Barnes J, 1998, PHARM J, V260, P344; Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals National Research Council, 2010, GUIDE CARE USE LAB A; da Silva SL, 2007, EUR J PHARMACOL, V576, P180, DOI 10.1016-j.ejphar.2007.07.065; da Silva Saulo Luis, 2008, Acta Amazonica, V38, P107, DOI 10.1590-S0044-59672008000100012; Diab-Assaf M, 2007, AACR INT C MOL DIAGN, P61; Dwivedi C, 2003, CANCER LETT, V196, P29, DOI 10.1016-S0304-3835(03)00211-8; Farhat GN, 2001, TOXICON, V39, P1601, DOI 10.1016-S0041-0101(01)00143-X; Gali-Muhtasib HU, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P129; HANDA S S, 1986, Fitoterapia, V57, P307; Hanus Lumir O., 2005, Biomedical Papers (Olomouc), V149, P3; Hoffman D, 1991, NEW HOLISTIC HERBAL; Indra AK, 2007, J INVEST DERMATOL, V127, P1250, DOI 10.1038-sj.jid.5700672; Khavari PA, 2006, NAT REV CANCER, V6, P270, DOI 10.1038-nrc1838; Kwon HJ, 2010, CANCER LETT, V290, P96, DOI 10.1016-j.canlet.2009.09.003; Legault J, 2007, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V59, P1643, DOI 10.1211-jpp.59.12.0005; Legault J, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P402, DOI 10.1055-s-2003-39695; Lima SRM, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P1048, DOI 10.1002-ptr.1295; Mazzio EA, 2009, PHYTOTHER RES, V23, P385, DOI 10.1002-ptr.2636; Mockute D, 2004, J ESSENT OIL RES, V16, P277; Pisano M, 2007, MOL CANCER, V6, DOI 10.1186-1476-4598-6-8; Reed C.F., 1976, INFORM SUMMARI UNPUB; Sporn MB, 2000, CARCINOGENESIS, V21, P525, DOI 10.1093-carcin-21.3.525; Sylvestre M, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V103, P99, DOI 10.1016-j.jep.2005.07.011; Konoshima T, 2002, PURE APPL CHEM, V74, P1309, DOI 10.1351-pac200274071309; Thomas KJ, 2001, COMPLEMENT THER MED, V9, P2, DOI 10.1054-ctim.2000.0407; Van Wyk B-E, 2004, MED PLANTS WORLD, P124; Wehbe K, 2009, J COMPLEMENTARY INTE, V6; Owen R W, 2000, Lancet Oncol, V1, P107, DOI 10.1016-S1470-2045(00)00015-2; Zhaorigetu S, 2003, ONCOL REP, V10, P53721
In vitro evaluation of the biological activity of Lebanese medicinal plants extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1
No full textMedicinal plants extracts are interesting novel drugs for use as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In this study we investigate the in vitro antiviral activity of eight ethanol medicinal plant extracts against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection on monkey kidney cells. Acyclovir, an antiviral agent currently applied for treatment of herpes virus type 1 infection, was used to compare the plant extracts therapeutic activity. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined for eight medicinal plants extracts obtained from the following plants: Calamintha origanifolia, Satureja thymbra, Prangos aspurela, Sidiritis Perfoliata, Aspurela glomerata, Erythreae Centaurium, Hyssopus officinalis and Salvia accetabulosa. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay in Vero cells. The selective index (SI) of these medicinal plant extracts was used to prove the therapeutic activity. We found that C. origanifolia and S.thymbra extracts have the highest selective index (SI) in our data and are therefore potentially be used for treatment of HSV-1 disease
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HTLV-1-positive and -negative leukemia cells
No full textThe objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate against ATL cells. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of EGCG were evaluated in HTLV-1-positive and -negative cells. EGCG exhibited a marked decrease in proliferation of ATL cells at 96 h of treatment. The results indicated that TGF-α was down-regulated whereas levels of TGF-β2 increased. Cell cycle distribution analysis revealed an increase in cells in the pre-G1 phase which was confirmed by ELISA. The results on proteins showed an up-regulation of p53, Bax and p21 protein levels while the levels of Bcl-2α were down-regulated. © 2007 Humana Press Inc.Ahmad N, 2000, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V376, P338, DOI 10.1006-abbi.2000.1742; Arnulf B, 2002, BLOOD, V100, P4129, DOI 10.1182-blood-2001-12-0372; BAZARBACHI A, 1996, J ACQ IMMUN DEF R S1, V13, P5186; Cerwenka A, 1996, J IMMUNOL, V156, P459; Chen WJ, 1998, J EXP MED, V188, P1849, DOI 10.1084-jem.188.10.1849; Dotto G P, 2000, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V1471, pM43; Dupont S, 2004, CANCER LETT, V213, P129, DOI 10.1016-j.canlet.2004.06.008; Erba D, 1999, J NUTR, V129, P2130; Fujiki H, 1998, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V402, P307, DOI 10.1016-S0027-5107(97)00310-2; GESSAIN A, 1996, HUMAN T CELL LYMPHOT, P33; Gupta S, 2000, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V164, P82, DOI 10.1006-taap.1999.8885; Gupta S, 2003, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V410, P177, DOI 10.1016-S0003-9861(02)00668-9; Hare Y, 2001, GREEN TEA HLTH BENEF; Haupt S, 2004, SEMIN CANCER BIOL, V14, P244, DOI 10.1016-j.semcancer.2004.04.003; Hayakawa S, 2001, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V285, P1102, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.2001.5293; Heiser D, 2004, EXP GERONTOL, V39, P1125, DOI 10.1016-j.exger.2004.04.011; HERMINE O, 1995, NEW ENGL J MED, V332, P1749, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199506293322604; HINUMA Y, 1985, PNAS, V66, P1371; Hsu TC, 2001, CANCER GENET CYTOGEN, V124, P169, DOI 10.1016-S0165-4608(00)00337-X; Inman GJ, 2000, J IMMUNOL, V165, P2500; Javelaud D, 2004, INT J BIOCHEM CELL B, V36, P1161, DOI 10.1016-S1357-2725(03)00255-3; Kanai M, 2001, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V121, P56, DOI 10.1053-gast.2001.25544; KAPLAN JE, 1993, REV MED VIROL, V3, P137, DOI 10.1002-rmv.1980030304; Kawai K, 2003, J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN, V112, P951, DOI [10.1067-mai.2003.1756, 10.1016-S0091-6749(03)02007-4]; Kuo PL, 2003, J BIOMED SCI, V10, P219, DOI 10.1159-000068711; Lee DK, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P38557, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M206786200; Letterio JJ, 1998, ANNU REV IMMUNOL, V16, P137, DOI 10.1146-annurev.immunol.16.1.137; Li HC, 2000, JPN J CANCER RES, V91, P34; Lozano G, 2005, J PATHOL, V205, P206, DOI 10.1002-path.1704; Lu X, 2005, CURR OPIN GENET DEV, V15, P27, DOI 10.1016-j.gde.2004.12.008; Macchi B, 1997, J GEN VIROL, V78, P1007; May P, 1999, ONCOGENE, V18, P7621, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1203285; Meek DW, 2004, DNA REPAIR, V3, P1049, DOI 10.1016-j.dnarep.2004.03.027; Mitscher LA, 1997, MED RES REV, V17, P327, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-1128(199707)17:4327::AID-MED23.0.CO;2-Y; Nihal M, 2005, INT J CANCER, V114, P513, DOI 10.1002-ijc.20785; Otsuka T, 1998, LIFE SCI, V63, P1397, DOI 10.1016-S0024-3205(98)00406-8; Patil S, 2000, J BIOL CHEM, V275, P38363, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M004861200; Pavletich NP, 1999, J MOL BIOL, V287, P821, DOI 10.1006-jmbi.1999.2640; Roomi MW, 2005, IN VIVO, V19, P179; Roomi MW, 2005, MED ONCOL, V22, P129, DOI 10.1385-MO:22:2:129; Roomi MW, 2005, ONCOL REP, V13, P253; Roy M, 2003, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V523, P33, DOI 10.1016-S0027-5107(02)00319-6; SAEKI K, 2000, J BIOL CHEM, V272, P3; Sanchez-Capelo A, 2005, CYTOKINE GROWTH F R, V16, P15, DOI 10.1016-j.cytogtf.2004.11.002; Szeto YT, 2002, FREE RADICAL RES, V36, P113, DOI 10.1080-10715760290001227; Wang YC, 2002, AMINO ACIDS, V22, P131, DOI 10.1007-s007260200002; Wolfraim LA, 2004, J IMMUNOL, V173, P3093; Yang CS, 2004, J NUTR, V134, p3181S; Yang CS, 1998, EXP LUNG RES, V24, P629; Zhang J, 2001, VIRUS RES, V78, P67, DOI 10.1016-S0168-1702(01)00285-422242
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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