1,721,044 research outputs found
Systemic lupus erythematosus and hearing disorders: literature review and meta-analysis of clinical and temporal bone findings
Full text linkObjective: This literature review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations among hearing and vestibular clinical symptoms, temporal bone findings, and pathological mechanisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Study design: Relevant papers in the literature were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical hearing aspects in patients with SLE and relevant temporal bone studies in the same field were analyzed. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed using the following keywords: “auto-immune disease,” “systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),” “hearing loss,” “temporal bone study,” “vertigo,” “dizziness,” “tinnitus,” “ear symptoms,” “treatment,” “diagnosis,” “symptoms,” “etiopathogenesis,” “Wegener granulomatosis,” “Sjogren,” “polyarteritis nodosa,” “Cogan syndrome,” and “granulomatosis.” Also included were reviews in which the following terms were present: “SLE,” “temporal bone,” and “hearing symptoms.” Review and conclusion: This literature review and meta-analysis focused on the pathological mechanisms through which SLE can damage inner ear structures and determinate hearing and vestibular symptoms. The main mechanisms involved in inner ear damage include the autoimmune response, deposition of immune complexes in the vessels and, to a lesser extent, cytotoxic damage
Loop characteristics and audio-vestibular symptoms or hemifacial spasm: is there a correlation? A multiplanar MRI study
No full textWe investigated if loop characteristics correlate with audio-vestibular symptoms or hemifacial spasm in patients with a vascular loop in the root entry zone (VII and VIII) and in the internal auditory canal
3-D virtual reality surgery training to improve muscle memory and surgical skills in head and neck residents/young surgeons
No full textCongenital Aural Atresia: Hearing Rehabilitation by Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant (BAHI)
No full textRelationship between hearing function and myasthenia gravis: a contemporary review
Full text linkThere is increasing evidence of a connection between hearing function and myasthenia gravis (MG). Studies of the pathophysiological basis of this relationship suggest that acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on outer hair cells (OHCs) play a central role. In patients with MG, autoantibodies against AChRs induce a progressive loss of AChRs on OHCs, decreasing their electromotility. The stapedial reflex decay test can be altered in MG patients, and can be used as an additional tool for diagnosis and monitoring. Transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions are the main diagnostic tool for monitoring OHC functionality in MG patients, and can be used to record subclinical hearing alterations before the onset of clinically evident hearing loss. Understanding the association between MG and hearing dysfunction requires a multidisciplinary approach. Otolaryngologists should take this relationship into account when approaching patients with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and "in patients with MG" with ण128;in MG patients, and the progress of hearing alterations should always be monitored in patients with MG
The impact of white matter hyperintensities on speech perception
No full textBackground The presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) can impact on normal brain function by altering normal signal transmission and determining different symptoms.
Aim To evaluate the relationship between the presence of brainWMHs and the scores of speech perception test (SPT) in a sample of normal-hearing patients under 70 years of age.
Material and method Prospective study. One hundred eleven patients underwent audiological screening with pure tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, speech perception testing (SPT), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T2 sequences were analyzed to identify the presence ofWMHthat, if identified, were scored using the Fazekas score. Statistical multiple regression analysis was performed to understand the relationship between PTA and SPTscore; the Pearson's and Spearman's tests were used to evaluate the correlation between Fazekas scores and SPT. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between gender.
Results The results of PTAwere not predictive of the SPT score. A negative statistically significant correlation (Spearman's, p = 0.0001; Pearson's, p < 0.001) was identified between the Fazekas score and the results of SPT. No statistically significant differences were identified in the correlation of WMH and SPT between males and females.
Conclusion Multiple WMHs in the brain can worsen word recognition in patients with normal auditory threshold; this may be related to the impact that these lesions have on thememory ability. Spread of lesions into the brain might reduce the brain capacity to remember words, despite the sound is correctly perceived by the ear
Facial taping as biofeedback to improve the outcomes of physical rehab in Bell's palsy: preliminary results of a randomized case-control study
No full textPurpose This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of taping in association with Kabat rehabilitation to ameliorate the outcomes of Bell's palsy. Methods This case-control study was conducted on hospital-outbound patients. 20 patients over 18 years affected from Bell's palsy were recruited at the onset of the disease (< 5 days). Patients were simply randomized into two groups. Patients in group A underwent exclusively Kabat rehabilitation, while patients in group B were treated by combining facial taping and Kabat. Facial palsy severity was evaluated with ADS assessment at baseline (T0), 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2) and 3 months (T3) after treatment. One-way ANOVA was used to compare ADS scores variance between groups to evaluate differences between the two treatments. Results Both groups presented statistically significant differences comparing the baseline with the other observational points (within analysis) (p < 0.0001). Patients in group B showed a statistically significant improvement compared to group A (between analyses) (p < 0.0001), especially at T2 (p < 0.01). Conclusions Facial taping combined with Kabat rehabilitation allowed to reduce the time of recovery and improved the outcomes of Bell's palsy
Hearing loss and dementia: radiologic and biomolecular basis of their shared characteristics. A systematic review
No full textDementia and hearing loss share radiologic and biologic findings that might explain their coexistence, especially in the elderly population. Brain atrophy has been observed in both conditions, as well as the presence of areas of gliosis. The brain atrophy is usually focal; it is located in the temporal lobe in patients with hearing loss, while it involves different part of brain in patients with dementia. Radiological studies have shown white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in both conditions. WMHs have been correlated with the inability to correctly understand words in elderly persons with normal auditory thresholds and, the identification of these lesion in brain magnetic resonance imaging studies has been linked with an increased risk of developing cognitive loss. In addition to WMHs, some anatomopathological studies identified the presence of brain gliosis in the elderly's brain. The cause-effect link between hearing loss and dementia is still unknown, despite they might share some common findings. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze radiologic and biomolecular findings that these two conditions might share, identify a common pathological basis, and discuss the effects of hearing aids on prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in elderly patients with hearing loss
ENT-MS-12 questionnaire: a novel tool to investigate otolaryngology symptoms in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results from a pilot study
No full textBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with otolaryngology-related manifestations including vestibular or auditory symptoms; facial motor or sensory disorders; voice or swallowing impairment; and snoring/sleep apnea. Because these symptoms are nonspecific, their significance in MS is seldom recognized by patients with MS and their physicians; yet, presence of these symptoms may be a harbinger of impending relapse or disease progression. We developed and investigated a survey instrument, the ENT-MS-12, to standardize reporting of otolaryngology symptoms in patients with MS, correlating its scoring with disability and lesions.
Methods: The ENT-MS-12 was administered to 40 patients with relapsing-remitting MS in different phases of their disease. We collected data using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and analyzed patient brain MRIs to evaluate the state (active or non-active) of brain lesions based on gadolinium enhancement. Odds ratios for diverse otolaryngology symptoms across the EDSS scores and brain lesions were calculated.
Results: Higher EDSS scores were associated with auditory and vestibular symptoms (Odd Ratio (OR): 3.06; p: 0.0003); voice and swallowing symptoms (OR: 6.8; p=0.007); and snoring/sleep apnea (OR: 5.1; p=0.03). Presence of active brain lesions was also associated with auditory and vestibular symptoms (OR: 6.7); voice and swallowing symptoms (OD: 5.7); and snoring/sleep apnea (OR: 5).
Conclusions: The ENT-MS-12 survey instrument standardizes reporting of otolaryngology symptoms in patients with MS and documents association between symptoms and phase of disease in this series. Because ear, nose and throat (ENT)- related symptoms (i.e., sensory symptoms, such as numbness) are under-reported in MS, further investigation is warranted, as such data may improve clinical management of MS
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