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The Italian version of the pathological narcissism inventory: Factor structure and psychometric properties
No full textObjective
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus et al., 2009) is a multidimensional measure of
pathological narcissism. The PNI assesses seven dimensions that capture both overt and covert
expressions of narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability (Pincus et al., 2009; Wright et al.,
2010; You et al., 2013). Narcissistic grandiosity is measured by the dimensions of grandiose fantasy,
self-sacrificing self-enhancement, and exploitative relationship; whereas narcissistic vulnerability is
measured by the dimensions of contingent self-esteem, entitlement rage, devaluing, and hiding the self
(Wright et al., 2010). The aim of the present study was to investigate the factor structure of the PNI
among an Italian non clinical sample.
Methods
The PNI was administered to 753 participants (444 female, 309 males) with a mean age of 27.49 (SD=
7.73). Statistical analyses were performed using R 3.1.0 (lavaan and psy packages).
Results
Confirmatory factor analyses with the item parcels confirmed the 7 first-order factors (χ2SB(147)=
382.091; p= .000; RMSEA= .046; 90% confidence interval [CI] on RMSEA= 0.041 - 0.051; CFI= .963;
NNFI= 0.949) and the 2 second-order factors of the PNI (χ2SB(160)= 498.506; p= .000; RMSEA= .053;
90% confidence interval [CI] on RMSEA= 0.048 - 0.058; CFI= .947; NNFI= 0.934). Standardized factor
loadings of the PNI item parcels ranged from .675 to .895. The latent factor intercorrelations ranged from
.07 to .83. Finally, alphas for all scales ranged from .70 to .93 (total PNI α= .93).
Conclusion
Results confirmed the multidimensional structure of the PNI (Pincus et al., 2009; Wright et al., 2010; You
et al., 2013), showing good psychometric properties. These preliminary findings suggest that the Italian
version of the PNI may be well suited for the assessment of pathological narcissism
Difficulties in emotion regulation among inpatients with substance use disorders: The mediating effect of mature defenses mechanisms
No full textObjective: Although the relationship between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and emotion regulation is a topic of great scientific interest, little is still known about the nature of this association. The aim of the present study is to clarify which specific difficulties in emotion regulation describe SUD inpatients, studying whether this relationship is mediated by the use of defense mechanisms. Method: Difficulties in emotion regulation and defense mechanisms were evaluated in 58 SUDs inpatients and 73 community participants. Results: Results showed that SUDs are associated with limited access to emotion regulation strategies when negative emotions are experienced. This relationship between difficulty in accessing emotion regulation strategies and the presence of SUDs was mediated by mature defenses. The more difficulties in accessing such strategies were, the less mature defenses were used; the less mature defenses were used, the more likely the presence of SUDs was. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of considering mature defense mechanisms in understanding difficulties in emotion regulation among SUD inpatients. Research and Clinical implications are discussed
Maladaptive personality functioning and non-suicidal self injury in adolescence
No full textObjective: Although a large number of studies have investigated the association between Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI) and personality pathology, they have adopted exclusively a categorical approach, neglecting the study of maladaptive personality functioning. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether and which dimensions of maladaptive personality functioning are mainly associated with the presence of NSSI in a community sample of adolescents. Method: Severity of maladaptive personality functioning and NSSI were evaluated in 247 adolescents (68.8% females, M = 15.57, SD = 2.24) recruited from middle and secondary schools in Northern Italy. Results: Results showed that lifetime self-injurers reported more difficulties in domains of Social Concordance, Self-control, Identity Integration and Responsibility than adolescents with no lifetime NSSI. On the contrary, no significant differences were found in the Relation domain between participants with and without lifetime NSSI. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of taking into account a dimensional approach that consider the level of personality functioning in order to deeper understand the association between maladaptive personality and NSSI. In particular, our results indicate that intrapersonal aspects of maladaptive personality functioning, rather than interpersonal ones, have a key role in the presence of NSSI during adolescence
Grandiose and entitled, but still fragile: A network analysis of pathological narcissistic traits
No full textThere is ongoing debate about the structure of pathological narcissism. Adopting a network approach, we investigate the core features of pathological narcissism and the nature of traits interconnections in a community sample (N = 944), considering also the effect of personality structure. Results suggest that grandiose fantasies, contingent self-esteem, and entitlement rage have a central role in defining pathological narcissism. Also, differences in interconnections between traits are found when considering individuals with different levels of personality structure. Our findings shed light on the structure and nature of pathological narcissism by showing the existence of both core and peripheral features, as well as their differential role in defining narcissistic manifestations at different levels of personality functioning
All the faces of research on borderline personality pathology: Drawing future trajectories through a network and cluster analysis of the literature
No full textBorderline Personality Disorder is a severe condition that affects self and interpersonal dimensions and emotional and behavioral regulation. Since the last decades of the 20th century, an impressive amount of research and clinical contributions on BPD came from specific fields such as psychiatry, clinical psychology, psychopharmacology, and, more recently, cognitive neuroscience. All contributions tackled the challenges of finding reliable diagnostic categories, highlighting detailed developmental trajectories, and fostering effective treatment protocols. However, as results come from different areas, it is often challenging to depict a coherent and yet multifaceted framework on this topic. In this study, we conducted a scientometric analysis of the available literature on BPD to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of research on BPD and emphasize historical changes, intertwining between fields and new areas of investigation. Results clearly show the evolution of research on BPD starting from the initial development of the construct, passing through the studies on treatment efficacy, the results of longitudinal studies, the advances in cognitive neurosciences, and the recent dimensional conceptualization in DSM-5. Moreover, it emphasizes promising areas of investigation, such as the relations of BPD with NSSI, ADHD, and vulnerable features of narcissism
Unpacking the p-factor. Associations Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and General Psychopathology in Female and Male Adolescents
No full textAdolescence is a period of rapid physical, psychological, and neural maturation that makes youth vulnerable to emerging psychopathology, highlighting the need for improved identification of psychopathology risk indicators. Recently, a higher-order latent psychopathology factor (p-factor) was identified that explains latent liability for psychopathology beyond internalizing and externalizing difficulties. However, recent proposals suggest reconceptualizing the p-factor model in terms of impairments in personality encompassing difficulties in both self-regulation (borderline features) and self-esteem (narcissistic features), but this remains untested. To address this, this study examined the p-factor structure and the contribution of borderline and narcissistic features using two cross-sectional data collections. In Study 1, 974 cisgender adolescents (63% assigned females at birth; age range: 13–19; Mage = 16.68, SD = 1.40) reported on internalizing and externalizing problems (YSR) to test via structural equation models (SEM) different theoretical models for adolescent psychopathology. In Study 2, 725 cisgender adolescents (64.5% assigned females at birth; age range: 13–19; Mage = 16.22, SD = 1.32) reported internalizing and externalizing problems (YSR), borderline personality features (BPFSC-11), and narcissistic personality traits (PNI), to explore, via SEM, the contribution of borderline and narcissistic traits to the p-factor and accounting for gender differences. Results confirmed the utility of a bi-factor model in adolescence. Furthermore, findings highlighted the contribution of borderline features and narcissistic vulnerability to general psychopathology. The study provides the first evidence supporting a p-factor model reconceptualized in terms of personality impairments encompassing difficulties in self-regulation and self-esteem in adolescents
Maladaptive personality traits and psychological distress in adolescence: The moderating role of personality functioning
No full textResearch on personality in adolescence underlined the importance of adopting a dimensional approach to personality pathology rather than a categorical one. In this regard, the association between maladaptive versions of personality traits and pathological outcomes has been studied, neglecting the study of the severity of personality functioning. The aim of the current study is to investigate the interactions between maladaptive personality traits as conceptualized in DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders and personality functioning in a large sample of non-clinical adolescents. Maladaptive personality traits, severity of personality functioning and psychological distress were evaluated in 562 adolescents (62.5% females, M = 16.24, SD = 1.69) recruited from middle and secondary schools in Northern Italy. Results showed that internalizing maladaptive personality traits and psychoticism were associated with psychological distress, whilst externalizing traits were not. Moreover, dimensions of personality functioning (self and interpersonal related) moderated the strength of these associations. These findings suggest the importance of taking into account the level of personality functioning in order to deeper understand the association between maladaptive personality traits and psychological distress. In particular, our results indicate that internalizing features might be highly influenced by personality dimensions in adolescence
Preliminary results of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory validation study in Italy
No full textObjective
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus et al., 2009) is a multidimensional measure of
pathological narcissism. The PNI assesses seven dimensions that capture both overt and covert
expressions of narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability (Pincus et al., 2009; Wright et al.,
2010; You et al., 2013). Narcissistic grandiosity is measured by the dimensions of grandiose fantasy,
self-sacrificing self-enhancement, and exploitative relationship; whereas narcissistic vulnerability is
measured by the dimensions of contingent self-esteem, entitlement rage, devaluing, and hiding the self
(Wright et al., 2010). The aim of the present study was to investigate the factor structure of the PNI
among an Italian non clinical sample.
Methods
The PNI was administered to 753 participants (444 female, 309 males) with a mean age of 27.49 (SD=
7.73). Statistical analyses were performed using R 3.1.0 (lavaan and psy packages).
Results
Confirmatory factor analyses with the item parcels confirmed the 7 first-order factors (χ2SB(147)=
382.091; p= .000; RMSEA= .046; 90% confidence interval [CI] on RMSEA= 0.041 - 0.051; CFI= .963;
NNFI= 0.949) and the 2 second-order factors of the PNI (χ2SB(160)= 498.506; p= .000; RMSEA= .053;
90% confidence interval [CI] on RMSEA= 0.048 - 0.058; CFI= .947; NNFI= 0.934). Standardized factor
loadings of the PNI item parcels ranged from .675 to .895. The latent factor intercorrelations ranged from
.07 to .83. Finally, alphas for all scales ranged from .70 to .93 (total PNI α= .93).
Conclusion
Results confirmed the multidimensional structure of the PNI (Pincus et al., 2009; Wright et al., 2010; You
et al., 2013), showing good psychometric properties. These preliminary findings suggest that the Italian
version of the PNI may be well suited for the assessment of pathological narcissis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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