1,721,012 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord stump and risk of omphalitis and neonatal death
Full text linkBackground: Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia account for 80% of all neonatal deaths in the world. In these two regions, infectious diseases account for one third of neonatal deaths. Early neonatal sepsis is a major contributor to the high neonatal morbidity and mortality and umbilical cord stump infection (omphalitis) is postulated to be a potential precursor to neonatal sepsis. There has been evidence from Asia to suggest that CHX application to the umbilical cord stump can reduce the risk of omphalitis as well as neonatal death. No data on the efficacy of CHX cord care in Africa were available before we embarked on the studies described in this thesis. The studies in this thesis address four main topics: i) understanding childbirth and newborn care knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP); ii) feasibility, acceptance and compliance with different modes of CHX application on the umbilical cord stump; iii) effect of the proposed CHX formulation on bacterial colonization of the cord stump; and iv) efficacy of CHX application on the risk of omphalitis and neonatal death.
Methods: Two qualitative studies were conducted in Pemba, a part of the Zanzibar archipelago of Tanzania. The first study explored the KAP regarding childbirth, newborn and umbilical cord care and probed barriers and facilitators to introduction of CHX cord care. A total of 80 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) involving mothers, grandmothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and health service providers were undertaken. A second study, using the Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) methodology investigated the feasibility, acceptance, and compliance with three possible modes of CHX application. The third study tested the effect of a commercially prepared 4% CHX solution on bacterial colonization in New Delhi. The fourth study was a large community-based randomized control trial (RCT) in Pemba to estimate the efficacy of CHX cleansing of the umbilical cord stump on the risk of omphalitis and neonatal death. The RCT was implemented in two phases. During Phase 1, the study participants were randomly allocated to one of three intervention arms: the treatment arm using CHX, one control arm using a placebo solution and a second control arm practicing dry cord care. During Phase 2, the placebo arm of the trial was dropped, and the participants were randomized to receive either CHX or dry cord care. For babies allocated to the CHX and the placebo arms, mothers/caregivers were advised to apply the solution to the cord stump every day until 3 days after the cord stump had fallen off. For babies assigned to the dry cord care arm, TBAs and hospital staff instructed the mothers/caregivers not to cleanse the umbilical cord stump and to keep it dry. In all trial arms, the cord was examined for redness, pus, swelling and/or foul smell on days 0, 1, 4, 10 and 28.
Findings: The qualitative study showed that the awareness among the community members regarding the importance of facility-based births was high. However, impediments such as lack of transportation; cost of medicines and quality of care at the facilities seemed to be a reason for many women choosing to give birth at home. Some of the reported good practices included use of clean delivery instruments, TBAs’ emotional and physical support to mothers, newborn warming and feeding of colostrum. Some behaviors that could undermine newborn health, such as immediate bathing of newborns, poor hand hygiene of TBAs, exposing the newborn to smoke for warming, application of some traditional substances on the cord stump were also reported by some participants. CHX cord stump cleansing was an acceptable and feasible intervention and could be easily applied by family members after some initial training. The second study revealed that mothers and health service providers preferred a single use dropper bottle for CHX application as compared to either a 100 ml multiple use bottle with cotton swabs or a gel tube. The third study showed that cord stump cleansing with 4% CHX soon after birth substantially reduced bacterial colonization. The large efficacy trial found that CHX cleansing resulted in a large reduction in the risk of omphalitis (Relative risk (RR): 0.65; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 0.70). The mortality in the dry cord care arm was lower than anticipated, and any effect of CHX on neonatal mortality was small (RR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.09). Any effect of CHX application on the risk of death did not differ by whether the babies were born at home (RR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.27) or in a health facility (RR: 0.89; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.14).
Conclusion: CHX cleansing of the cord stump, while acceptable to mothers and families markedly reduced the risk of omphalitis but this reduction did not translate into a substantial decrease in the risk of neonatal death in this East African settingDoktorgradsavhandlin
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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