877 research outputs found
Residue Management and Nutrient Stoichiometry Control Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming Potential Responses in Alfisols
No full textAlthough crop residue returns are extensively practiced in agriculture, large uncertainties remain about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) responses to residue return (RR) rates under different residue placements and nutrient supplements. We conducted a laboratory mesocosm experiment in Alfisol in central India to investigate the responses of soil GHG emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) and the global warming potential to four wheat RR rates (R0: no residue; R5: 5 Mg/ha; R10: 10 Mg/ha; R15: 15 Mg/ha) and two placements (surface [Rsur] and incorporated [Rinc]) under three nutrient supplement levels (NSLs) (NS0: no nutrients, NS1: nutrients (N and P) added to balance the stoichiometry of C:N:P to achieve 30% humification in RR at 5 t/ha, NS2: 3 × NS1). The results demonstrated a significant (p R5 (3.8) > R15 (2.6) > R0 (1.6). Our results demonstrated a significant linear response of total GWP to RR rates R15 > R10 > R5 > R0, ranging from 201.4 to 1563.6 mg CO2 eq kg−1 soil. In conclusion, quadratic/linear responses of GHGs to RR rates underscore the need to optimize RR rates with nutrient supplements and residue placement to reduce GHG emissions and GWP while ensuring optimal soil health and crop productivity.This article is published as Singh, Dharmendra, Sangeeta Lenka, Narendra Kumar Lenka, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Shashi S. Yadav, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Abhijit Sarkar, and Jitendra Kushwaha. "Residue Management and Nutrient Stoichiometry Control Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming Potential Responses in Alfisols." Sustainability 16, no. 10 (2024): 3997. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103997
First person – Shweta Yadav
No full textABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Shweta Yadav is the first author on ‘RDGBα localization and function at membrane contact sites is regulated by FFAT–VAP interactions’, published in Journal of Cell Science. Shweta is a post-doctoral associate in the laboratory of Prof. Juan Botas at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA, investigating neurodegenerative diseases.</jats:p
Development of QSAR model for immunomodulatory activity of natural coumarinolignoids
No full textDharmendra K Yadav, Abha Meena, Ankit Srivastava, D Chanda, Feroz Khan, SK ChattopadhyayMetabolic and Structural Biology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, PO-CIMAP, IndiaAbstract: Immunomodulation is the process of alteration in immune response due to foreign intrusion of molecules inside the body. Along with the available drugs, a large number of herbal drugs are promoted in traditional Indian treatments, for their immunomodulating activity. Natural coumarinolignoids isolated from the seeds of Cleome viscose have been recognized as having hepatoprotective action and have recently been tested preclinically for their immunomodulatory activity affecting both cell-mediated and humoral immune response. To explore the immunomodulatory compound from derivatives of coumarinolignoids, a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking studies were performed. Theoretical results are in accord with the in vivo experimental data studied on Swiss albino mice. Immunostimulatory activity was predicted through QSAR model, developed by forward feed multiple linear regression method with leave-one-out approach. Relationship correlating measure of QSAR model was 99% (R2 = 0.99) and predictive accuracy was 96% (RCV2 = 0.96). QSAR studies indicate that dipole moment, steric energy, amide group count, lambda max (UV-visible), and molar refractivity correlates well with biological activity, while decrease in dipole moment, steric energy, and molar refractivity has negative correlation. Docking studies also showed strong binding affinity to immunomodulatory receptors.Keywords: coumarinolignoids, immunomodulation, docking, QSAR, regression mode
Optimizing residue return with soil moisture and nutrient stoichiometry reduced greenhouse gas fluxes in Alfisols
No full textOptimum soil moisture and high crop residue return (RR) can increase the active pool of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, thus modulating the magnitude of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. To determine the effect of soil moisture on the threshold level of RR for the wheat production system, we analyzed the relationship between GHG fluxes and RR at four levels, namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 (R0, R5, R10, and R15) under two soil moisture content (80% FC and 100% FC) and three levels of nutrient management (NS0: no nutrient; NS1, NS2= 3x NS1). Nutrient input (N and P) in NS1 balanced the residue C/nutrient stoichiometry to achieve 30% stabilization of the residue C input in RR (R5). All RR treatments (cf. R0) were found to significantly reduce N2O emission in moderate soil moisture content (80% FC) by 22–56% across nutrient management due to enhanced soil C mineralization, microbial biomass carbon, and N immobilization. However, averaged across nutrient management, a linear increase in N2O emission was observed with increasing RR under 100% FC soil moisture. A significant decrease in CH4 emission by ca. 46% in most RR treatments was observed in 100% FC compared with the R0. The N2O emission was negatively correlated (p= 0.8) to management variables (RR rate, nitrogen (N) input rate, soil moisture, and nutrient stoichiometry of C: N) and post-incubation soil properties (SMBC and NO3-N) in Alfisols. This study demonstrated that the mechanisms responsible for RR effects on soil N2O, CH4 fluxes, and carbon mineralization depend on soil moisture and nutrient management, shifting the nutrient stoichiometry of residue C: N: P.This article is published as Singh, Dharmendra, Sangeeta Lenka, Narendra Kumar Lenka, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Shashi S. Yadav, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Abhijit Sarkar, and Madhumonti Saha. "Optimizing residue return with soil moisture and nutrient stoichiometry reduced greenhouse gas fluxes in Alfisols." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 8 (2024): 1490523. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1490523
The hired farm labor market: some recent evidence from Oregon
No full textT.M. Hammonds, R. Yadav, and C. Vathana.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 22-23).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
“Discovery of the Wave-Edge Rectangle (WER) and its Area Formula”
No full textTitle: The Wave-Edge Rectangle (WER): A Newly Identified Geometric Structure and Its Area Formula
Author: Yadvendra Singh Yadav
Date: 2 December 2025
Summary:
I discovered a new geometric shape called the Wave-Edge Rectangle (WER), formed by replacing all four straight sides of a rectangle with equal semicircular arcs. I derived a general area formula:
=2(4+(+)
QSAR studies on Withanolide analogs for anticancer activity
No full textWithanolides are a group of pharmacologically active compounds present in most prodigal amounts in roots and leaves of Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng), one of the most important medicinal plants of Indian systems of medicine. Withanolides are basically steroidal lactones (highly oxygenated C-28 phytochemicals) and similar to ginsenosides activity. Some of the withanolides that have been reported possess immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. In the present investigation, a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model based on forward stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) has been developed against the MCF7, MCF7/BUS, and SK-Br-3 human solid tumor breast cancer cell lines. Relationship correlation coefficient (r2) and cross validation correlation coefficient (r2CV) of QSAR model were 0.77 and 0.73 for MCF7, 0.91 and 0.85 for MCF7/BUS, 0.93 and 0.90 for SK-Br-3 respectively. Developed QSAR model was also evaluated for prediction accuracy through internal, external and randomization validation methods. The QSAR study indicates that chemical descriptors viz., atom count (all atoms), connectivity index (order 2, standard), for MCF7, Connectivity Index (order 0, standard), Dipole Vector X (debye), Molar Refractivity, Shape Index (basic kappa, order 2) for SK-Br-3 and Atom Count (all atoms), Dielectric Energy (kcal/mole), Total Energy (Hartree), Heat of Formation (kcal/mole) for MCF7/BUS are correlate well with the breast cancer activity, Moreover, on the basis of screening for oral bioavailability, in silico ADME and toxicity risk assessment, we concluded that compounds W3, W4, W8 have markedly higher anticancer activity compared to control. These results can offer useful references for directing the molecular design of lead compound(s) based on withanolide or analogous template with improved activity
Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: the effect of residue management and soil type
No full textDeveloping successful mitigation strategies for greenhouse gases (GHGs) from crop residue returned to the soil can be difficult due to an incomplete understanding of factors controlling their magnitude and direction. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of varying levels of wheat residue (WR) and nutrient management on GHGs emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) across three soil types: Alfisol, Vertisol, and Inceptisol. A combination of laboratory-based measurements and a variety of data analysis techniques was used to assess the GHG responses under four levels of WR inputs (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg/ha; WR0, WR5, WR10, and WR15) and three levels of nutrient (NP0: no nutrient, NP1: nutrients (N and P) were added to balance the residue C/nutrient stoichiometry of C/N/P= 100: 8.3: 2.0 to achieve 30% stabilization of added residue C input at 5 Mg/ha (R5), and NP2: 3 × NP1). The results of this study clearly showed that averaged across residue and nutrient input, Inceptisol showed negative N2O flux, suggesting consumption which was supported by its high legacy phosphorus (19.7 mg kg⁻1), elevated pH (8.49), and lower clay content (13%), which reduced microbial activity, as indicated by lower microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) levels. N2O emissions were more responsive to nutrient inputs, particularly in Vertisol under high WR (15 Mg/ha) input, while CH4 fluxes were significantly reduced under high residue inputs, especially in Vertisol and Inceptisol. Alfisol exhibited the highest total carbon mineralization and GWP, with cumulative GWP being 1.2 times higher than Vertisol and 1.4 times higher than Inceptisol across residue and nutrient input. The partial least square (PLS) regression revealed that anthropogenic factors significantly influenced CO2 and N2O fluxes more than CH4. The anthropogenic drivers contributed 62% and 44% of the variance explained for N2O and CH4 responses. Our study proves that different biogeochemical mechanisms operate simultaneously depending on the stoichiometry of residue C and nutrients influencing soil GHG responses. Our findings provide insight into the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural drivers to agricultural GHG emissions, which are relevant for developing process-based models and addressing the broader challenge of climate change mitigation through crop residue management.This article is published as Singh, Dharmendra, Sangeeta Lenka, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Shashi S. Yadav, Madhumonti Saha, Abhijit Sarkar, Dinesh Kumar Yadav et al. "Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: the effect of residue management and soil type." Frontiers in Environmental Science 12 (2024): 1489070. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1489070
Spin canting and magnetic transition in NixZn1-xFe2O4 (x=0.0, 0.5 and 1.0) nanoparticles
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