1,720,962 research outputs found
Assessing factors associated with Caesarean Sections in urban Nepal: a hospital-based study
Get PDFCaesarean section (CS) rates are rising in urban hospitals in Nepal. However, the reasons behind these rising CS rates are not well understood. Therefore, this study explores contributing factors to rising CS rates in two urban hospitals and seeks strategies to make rational use of CS. The data is comprised of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) transcripts with pregnant women in antenatal clinics, and interview transcripts with doctors, nurses, midwives and key informants
Assessing factors associated with rising caesarean section rates in urban Nepal: a hospital-based study
Get PDFBackground
Caesarean section (CS) rates are rising in urban hospitals in Nepal. However, the reasons behind these rising CS rates are not well understood. Therefore, this PhD study explores contributing factors to rising CS rates in two urban hospitals and seeks strategies to make rational use of CS.
Methods
This cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in 2021 in two hospitals: Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH) and Kathmandu Model Hospital (KMH) in Kathmandu. The quantitative part included a record-based study of 661 births (KMH=276 & PWMH=385) for the fiscal year 2018/19. The qualitative part included interviews with 14 health professionals (doctors, nurses & midwives) and five key informants (two hospital directors and one representative from Nepal Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists, one from Midwifery Society of Nepal and one from Ministry of Health and Population Nepal), and four focus group discussions with pregnant women in antenatal clinics. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS v28. Qualitative data were organised through NVivo v12 and thematically analysed.
Results
The overall CS rate was very high (50.2%). CS rate was almost double in KMH than in PMWH (68.5% vs. 37.1%). Previous CS was the leading indication for performing CS. Non-medical indications for CS were maternal request (2.7%) and CS for non-specified reasons (5.7%). The odds of CS were significantly higher in KMH, women aged 25 years and above, four or more antenatal clinic visits, breech presentation, urban residency, high caste, gestational age 37- 40 weeks, spontaneous labour and no labour. Robson group five (13.9%) was found the largest contributor to overall CS rate followed by groups one (13.4%), two (8.8%), three (4.4%) and six (2.9%). Similarly, the risk of undergoing CS was significantly high in Robson group five, six, seven, nine and two. The qualitative analysis yielded five key themes affecting rising CS rates: (1) medical factors; (2) sociodemographic factors; (3) financial factors; (4) non-medical factors; and (5) health service-related factors. Four main strategies were identified to stem the rise of CS: (1) adequate resources (SBAs, midwives and birthing centres); (2) raising awareness on mode of childbirth (antenatal education and counselling); (3) reforming CS policies/protocols; and (4) promoting physiological birth.
Conclusion
The rate of CS was extremely high, particularly in the private hospital. It reflects the medicalisation of childbirth, a public health issue which needs urgent addressing. Multiple factors affecting rising CS rates were identified in urban hospitals. Therefore, a combination of multiple strategies is required to stem the rise of CS rates and to make rational use of CS. This thesis provides basic insights of both factors affecting the rising CS rate and strategies for rational use of CS in urban hospitals in Nepal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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