1,720,960 research outputs found
A comprehensive review of AI-driven plant stress monitoring and embedded sensor technology: Agriculture 5.0
No full textPresent Status, Strategies, and Applications of Legume Engineering
No full textLegume engineering is the use of genomic tools to transfer or reshuffle genes or a combination of both to alter the naturally occurring genes to improve the qualitative and quantitative traits. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in improving both the quality and yield of legumes. This chapter reviews the latest development tools in molecular genetics of legumes for engineering approaches leading to modification of the genome associated with agronomically important traits such as stress tolerance, efficiency in nodulation and nitrogen fixation, pest and disease resistance, and improvement of nutritional content. Notably, the authors discuss genome editing by CRISPR coupled with CAS enzymes, which is a revolutionary achievement. In addition, TALEN and ZFN are essential tools in editing the genome, while RNAi regulates target gene expression; this chapter highlights the example of each technology in the legume field. The chapter highlights examples of artificial intelligence applications that enlighten the prospects of legume engineering to address complicated challenges such as growth and yield under different conditional environments. Given the challenges of climate change, reducing excessive use of chemical fertilizers by the application of engineered legumes possessing enhanced nitrogen-fixing ability is discussed. Advances in legume genomics have paved the way for innovative approaches to overcome persistent challenges in legume cultivation. An extensive pool of genomic data is now available for Fabaceae species, including linkage maps, expressed sequence tags, DNA chips, and bioinformatics platforms like “The Legume Information System.” Despite ongoing challenges, breakthroughs in molecular techniques are transforming traditional breeding methods. The most promising technology is CRISPR/Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool that offers precision and efficiency in modifying plant genomes.
Assessment of decay caused by Trametes flavida and Daldinia eschscholtzii on several hardwood species
No full textAbstract Wood‐decay fungi are major contributors to damage wood and logs, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study assessed the decay caused by Trametes flavida and Daldinia eschscholtzii on Gmelina arborea , Samanea saman , Albizia lebbeck , Acacia auriculiformis and Swietenia mahagoni . Both fungi demonstrated their ability to decay wood. However, the extent of damage varied significantly among the tested hardwood species. Findings showed that Trametes flavida caused greater wood mass and density loss than Daldinia eschscholtzii . Among the tested hardwood species, G. arborea was found to be more susceptible to the decay fungi, followed by S. saman , A. lebbeck , A. auriculiformis and S. mahagoni , respectively. The study will encourage the scientific management of timber and logs in sawmill depots to minimize the decay of wood and incurred economic loss
Automated plant species identification from the stomata images using deep neural network: A study of selected mangrove and freshwater swamp forest tree species of Bangladesh
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007944 Shahjalal University of Science and Technolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mobilizing Microbes for Bioremediation Strategies in the Context of Climate Change
No full textMicrobial remediation has emerged as a paramount strategy in addressing environmental pollution and mitigating climate change impacts. This chapter explores the dynamic interplay between pollutants, microbial communities, and climate change, emphasizing the critical role of microbial remediation in restoring ecosystems. Environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, microplastics, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), not only degrade ecosystems but also exacerbate climate change by altering atmospheric and terrestrial processes. Microbial remediation uses the natural metabolic capabilities of diverse microorganisms---bacteria, fungi, archaea, and algae---to degrade, detoxify, or immobilize these contaminants, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. This chapter delves into mechanisms of microbial action, such as biodegradation, bioaccumulation, and enzyme transformation, highlighting how these processes can be optimized under varying environmental conditions. Factors such as temperature, pH, moisture, and nutrient availability critically influence microbial efficacy, necessitating tailored interventions to enhance performance. Advanced techniques, including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and genetically engineered microbes, are discussed as promising approaches to improve resilience and efficiency against complex environmental pollutants. However, the effectiveness of microbial remediation is intricately linked to abrupt climate changes, which can alter microbial community dynamics and disrupt bioremediation processes. This chapter examines how climate-induced shifts in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events affect pollutant bioavailability and microbial activity, posing both challenges and opportunities. It also highlights the potential risks associated with genetically modified microorganisms and incomplete degradation pathways, underscoring the need for comprehensive risk assessments and adaptive management strategies. Looking ahead, integrating microbial remediation into broader climate change mitigation frameworks is crucial. Innovative solutions, such as microbial carbon capture cells (MCCs) and synthetic biology applications, offer new avenues for enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter calls for a multidisciplinary approach, combining scientific research, technological innovation, and policy support, to fully unlock the potential of microbial remediation. By harnessing the power of microbes, we can build a more sustainable and resilient future, transforming environmental challenges into opportunities for ecosystem restoration and stability in the face of climate change
Multi-stress interaction effects on BVOC emission fingerprints from oak and beech: A cross-investigation using Machine Learning and Positive Matrix Factorization
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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