1,720,960 research outputs found
Data for "Why Bananas Look Yellow: The Dominant Hue of Object Colours"
No full textThese extended supplementary materials go with the article: Witzel &amp; Dewis (2022) Why Bananas Look Yellow: The Dominant Hue of Object Colours. Vision Research.</span
Why bananas look yellow: the dominant hue of object colours
No full textIn this study, we propose a new approach to the perceptual representation of object colours. Three-dimensional objects have a polychromatic colour distribution. Yet, human observers abstract from the variation along the three perceptual colour dimensions when describing objects, such as when we say, “a banana is yellow”. We propose that the perceived object colour is determined by the dominant hue. The dominant hue corresponds to the first principal component of an object’s chromaticities. Across three experiments, we show for a sample of objects that the chromatic variation away from the dominant hue is almost completely neglected by human observers under non-laboratory viewing conditions. This is partly due to the low visibility of this variation, and partly to attentional change blindness. These findings reveal the potential role of dominant hue in the perception of object colours. Dominant hue may enable us to determine the most representative colours of objects because perceived object colours tend to be maximally bright and saturated. The present findings also imply that we can simplify the colour distributions of objects by projecting them onto their dominant hue. This may be useful for computational applications
Time on task effects during interactive visual search
No full textThere is a major shift taking place in airports across the globe, changing from 2D dual-view X-ray screening to 3D CT screening. 3D CT screening is believed to improve target detection since it enables screeners to interact with images of passenger baggage (i.e., rotating and zooming into the displays). The change in screening technology is moving what was once a purely visual search task to an interactive search task. Here, we conducted two experiments with a large sample size during February of 2023 (695 participants) to examine (1) changes in search performance between a simulated dual-view and simulated interactive search task and (2) the effects of time on task upon performance. Consistent with past research, we found that interactive search, when compared with dual-view search, produced higher response accuracy rates coupled with increased reaction times. However, while we found effects of time on task (RTs reduced, and participants became more likely to respond ‘absent’ as the experiments progressed) there was no evidence that these effects differed across simulated dual-view and simulated interactive searches. The results are discussed in relation to benefits of interactive search for supporting target detection by airport screeners
Exploring predictors of phantom phone signals: phone use, hallucination-proneness and delusional ideation
No full textBackground: Phantom Phone Signals (PPS) are false perceptions that a smartphone has vibrated or made a sound. PPS are typically non-distressing, non-disruptive hallucinations. Increased PPS likelihood is linked to frequent and problematic phone use, mood, anxiety and hallucination-proneness. This study aimed to investigate the role of resilience, delusion-proneness, and metacognition on PPS.Method: this online, self-report, questionnaire study included 265 participants (mean age: 19.74; 84.2% female, no experience of psychosis). Participants completed the Phantom Phone Experiences and Appraisal Scale (PPEAS) to assess PPS, along with the Problematic Use of Mobile Phone Scale (PUMP), Resilience Scale (RS-14), Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ), Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI-21), and Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS).Results: PPS were prevalent, with 86.8% of participants reporting at least one phantom phone experience. These experiences were generally infrequent, non-distressing, and non-disruptive, as reflected in low PPEAS Composite Impact Scores (M = 4.25, SD = 3.66). PPS were significantly correlated with Problematic phone use (r = .345), hallucination-proneness (r = .321) and delusional ideation (r =.226), but not resilience or metacognition. Regression analyses indicated that higher MUSEQ and higher PUMP scores were associated with higher odds of experiencing more PPS and explained 18% variance in PPEAS Composite Impact Scores. This direct relationship was not mediated or moderated by resilience or metacognition.Conclusion: PPS are highly prevalent amongst university students and are primarily a benign experience influenced by problematic phone use and hallucination-proneness. Behavioural interventions may be the most effective approach for reducing PPS where required.<br/
Easy does it: selection during interactive search tasks is biased towards objects that can be examined easily
No full textIt is well understood that attentional selection is required to deploy visual attention to relevant objects within displays during visual search tasks. Interactive search, an extension of visual search, refers to tasks wherein an individual must manipulate items within their environment to uncover obscured information whilst searching for a target object. Here, we conducted two independent interactive search experiments where participants were asked to interact with virtual cubes to locate a target T shape embedded onto the side of one of the cubes. Our goal here was to investigate the drivers of attentional selection within interactive searches. To do so, we manipulated the effort required to rotate cubes (Experiment 1) and the quantity of shapes attached to the cubes (Experiment 2). Our findings suggest that the perceived effort required to interact with an object is an extremely strong driver of attentional selection within interactive search behaviors. Here, targets may be slower to be detected when that target is obscured within or by an object that conveys, in some shape or form, greater difficulty to examine compared to other objects. These findings provide an exciting first step towards understanding the factors that influence selection during interactive searches. Data and experimental code for all experiments in this study can be accessed online via this web address: https://osf.io/2zyvf/view_only=ae4f4f2c36ab4e6aae5da3e99fb81988. Experiments were not preregistered
Fixation termination during visual search with simulated visual impairments
No full textEveryday tasks such as finding a friend in a crowd rely on efficient visual search, a process that heavily relies on efficiently executing eye movements. But how does our visual system adapt eye movement behavior when visual input is degraded? Here, we investigated whether eye movement behaviour during visual search adjusts to simulated visual impairments through low-level mechanisms—such as increasing fixation durations—or through higher-level strategies like increasing lag-2 revisits (when the eyes quickly return to an object after briefly fixating elsewhere). Participants performed a visual search task whilst their eye movement behaviour was recorded under three conditions: normal vision (control), monocular vision (with an eye patch over the dominant eye), and low-contrast vision (with reduced stimulus contrast). Overall, we found that search was slowed under conditions of simulated visual impairments, with increases in RTs, fixation durations, and time to fixate the target compared with a control condition. We found no evidence that lag-2 revisit rates increased. Our results provide further support for mixed-control models of fixation termination and have implications for understanding eye movement control under visual impairments. Our results may also inform rehabilitation strategies for individuals with visual loss
A sharing practices review of the visual search and eye movements literature reveals recommendations for our field and others
No full textGodwin HJ, Dewis H, Darch PT, et al. A sharing practices review of the visual search and eye movements literature reveals recommendations for our field and others. Behavior Research Methods . 2025;57(9): 235.The sharing of research outputs is an important endeavor, one that is increasingly required by funders and publishers alike. Here, we catalogued and examined data sharing practices, using our own field of visual search and eye movement behavior as an example. To find outputs from scientific research, we conducted two searches: a Literature Search and a repository search. Overall, we found that researchers in our field generally shared outputs that enabled others to analytically reproduce published results. It was rare for researchers to share outputs that enabled direct replications of their work, and it was also rare for researchers to share raw data that would enable secondary data analyses. Comparing the results of our two searches of the literature, we found that a lack of metadata substantially reduced the rates at which outputs could be found and used. Based on our findings, we present a set of recommendations summarized in our 'Find It - Access It - Reuse It' scorecard. The scorecard is intended to assist researchers in sharing outputs in a manner that will enable others to better find, access, and understand them - and this includes researchers in other fields beyond our own
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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