1,721,036 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Adenylyl cyclase G is activated by an intramolecular osmosensor
No full textNOTE: THE SYMBOLS/SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN THIS ABSTRACT CANNOT BE DISPLAYED CORRECTLY ON THIS PAGE. PLEASE REFER TO THE ABSTRACT ON THE PUBLISHER’S WEBSITE FOR AN ACCURATE DISPLAY. Adenylyl cyclase G (ACG) is activated by high osmolality and mediates inhibition of spore germination by this stress factor. The catalytic domains of all eukaryote cyclases are active as dimers and dimerization often mediates activation. To investigate the role of dimerization in ACG activation, we coexpressed ACG with an ACG construct that lacked the catalytic domain (ACG cat) and was driven by a UV-inducible promoter. After UV induction of ACG cat, cAMP production by ACG was strongly inhibited, but osmostimulation was not reduced. Size fractionation of native ACG showed that dimers were formed between ACG molecules and between ACG and ACG cat. However, high osmolality did not alter the dimer/monomer ratio. This indicates that ACG activity requires dimerization via a region outside the catalytic domain but that dimer formation does not mediate activation by high osmolality. To establish whether ACG required auxiliary sensors for osmostimulation, we expressed ACG cDNA in a yeast adenylyl cyclase null mutant. In yeast, cAMP production by ACG was similarly activated by high osmolality as in Dictyostelium. This strongly suggests that the ACG osmosensor is intramolecular, which would define ACG as the first characterized primary osmosensor in eukaryotes
ANIMATING A NOVEL MECHANISM OF CELL MIGRATION: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION EXCITABLE NETWORK (STEN)
Full text linkLife is dynamic. Cells are constantly changing shape. Many do so by displaying a variety of protrusions that not only vary their appearance but also play a key role in important cellular activities such as cell migration, division, and phagocytosis. These protrusions manifest in unique shapes and sizes, ranging from finger-like filopodia to sheet-like lamellipodia.
It is well known that these protrusions drive outward from the cell body by a combination of actin polymerization and actomyosin-based contractions, referred to as “cytoskeletal activity”.
However, what determines the shape, and hence the identity of the protrusions, has remained a mystery until recently.
In recent years, a research team in the Johns Hopkins University Department of Cell Biology discovered a novel mechanism: Signal Transduction Excitable Network (STEN). It was found that STEN, a signaling network consisting of receptors, small GTPase proteins, and phosphoinositide lipids, determines the locations and lateral dimensions of cellular protrusions. Without STEN, cytoskeletal activity only produces transient, small extensions, or “puncta” which are ineffective in moving or reshaping cells. Manipulating the signal network can lead to alterations of the cytoskeletal system and morphing of the shape of the cell. Increasing or decreasing signal transduction activity can elevate or decrease the speed and range of wave propagation respectively, converting pseudopodia into wider lamellipodia, or narrower filopodia.
This novel finding provides a direction for future biomedical research as it shows STEN plays a critical role in cell migration and morphology, and dysregulation of this system can lead to the development of a variety of diseases including cancer, and developmental and metabolic abnormalities.
However, the mechanism of STEN is difficult to succinctly explain due to its three-dimensional, dynamic nature. Current teaching materials are limited to simple line diagrams and crude confocal microscopy videos and photographs, none of which are adequate to allow for in-depth understanding of this intricate process.
To solve this challenge, I propose a narrative 3D animation that can help learners visualize and comprehend this novel mechanism. To maximize didactic efficacy, 2D images will be created to supplement the animation, and designed to be used independent of the animation if desired
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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