1,721,038 research outputs found
Orthopaedic 3D printing in orthopaedic medicine.
Full text linkOrthopaedic surgeries are commonly extremely challenging, and innovations are required to overcome a series of recognised difficulties and improve patient outcomes. Complications, in particular, the high occurrence of infections, often leads to prolonged patient pain, implant failure and loss of functions. 3D printing provides an ideal opportunity to integrated cutting edge technologies to address the major identified clinical problems directly. 3D printed orthopaedic implants designed to fit anatomical defects of malformations precisely, can resolve the current limited availability of appropriate well-fitting patient-specific implant parts. Increasing important concern, particularly considering population demographic and health profile changes. Improved osteointegration technologies can be incorporated to overcome inadequate tissue adherence to implants and one on-growth. With increasing numbers of patients now outliving their implants, loosening difficulties and premature implant failure rates using conventional technologies are projected to increase dramatically. With these projections, the emergence of 3D printing is a welcome reprieve for patients and surgeons alike. 3D printing technologies hold the promise of significantly advancing current ortohpaedic implant capabilities, delivering bespoke customised site-specific implants, which resolve fundamental clinical problems and achieve better results for patients.
This chapter explores the unprecedented solution offered by 3D printed technologies for orthopaedic surgeries. The use of 3D printing for orthopaedic applications and advances, which may lead to future large-scale 3D printed polymeric orthopaedic implant production is discussed.ye
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Synthesis and characterisation of novel n-vinyl pyrrolidinone/acrylic acid copolymers for use in biomedical applications.
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to develop a novel hydrophilic polymer for use in biomedical applications. The polymers synthesised in this work were based on the monomers N-vinyl pyrrolidinone (NVP) and acrylic acid (AA) and were UV polymerised using a suitable photoinitiator depending upon the application. These polymers were analysed both with and without the incorporation of chemical crosslinking agents using a variety of test methods. From these tests it was found that the incorporation of AA imparted pH sensitivity to the hydrogel, which had a critical pH range of between 4.07 and 4.49. Above a pH of 4.49 there is a progressive break up of the polymer chain due to a reduction in the amount of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. There is also a significant increase in the polymer solubility and swelling of the crosslinked polymers at higher pHs. The Ftir spectra of PVP-PAA copolymer complexes indicates the presence of hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl group in the PVP and the carboxylic acid group in the PAA moiety, and the formation of an AA dimer. The incorporation of crosslinking agents caused a reduction in hydrogen bonding, signifying that crosslinking agents acted as a spacer between molecular chains.
These polymers were physically characterised using parallel plate rheometry. The rheometry results indicated that there was a significant difference in the oscillating torque at break and the comparative strength of the hydrogels at different pHs, due to the increased water uptake. It was also found that by varying the molecular weight of the crosslinking agent, oscillating torque at break and the comparative strength of the hydrogels could be altered. After the initial characterisation of the hydrogels had taken place, suitable hydrogels were chosen for further analysis for specific applications. A chemically crosslinked monomeric mixture of 70-30 wt% NVP-AA was tested as a drug eluting lubricious hydrophilic coating that could be cured directly onto a substrate (Pebax ® 3533) without the aid of a solvent, using a dip coating/UV curing procedure. Ftir analysis illustrated that no characteristic monomeric peaks were found, and that curing the coating directly onto a substrate did not affect the chemical structure of the crosslinked polymer when compared to the Ftir spectrum of the polymer cured in bulk. Optical microscopy suggested that 2 coating cycles yielded the most consistent coating throughout the entire length of the substrate. Frictional analysis confirmed the lubricious nature of the coating, and showed that a dramatic reduction in the instantaneous force and kinetic force required to move a sample of Pebax ® 3533 was observed with the incorporation of the hydrated coating. Drug release analysis showed that the release of an active agent could be controlled by varying the molecular weight of the crosslinking agent used.
The extractable content of the crosslinked hydrogels was analysed in relation to increasing crosslinking agent content. It has been shown that the extractable content of these hydrogels is relatively low, allowing these hydrogels to be used in applications where this is advantageous. We have demonstrated that the dissolution profile of active agents from these polymers vary, depending upon the dissolution media used. Finally, favourable cytotoxicity and genotoxicity results have been obtained proving that these novel polymers have potential in a variety of biomedical applications
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