4 research outputs found
4033 POSTER Feasibility of Using Groningen Frailty Index as an Assessment Tool for Cancer Treatment Decision in Elderly Patients in Sarawak, Malaysia: Preliminary Report
No full textBreast cancer research in Asia:Adopt or adapt Western knowledge?
No full text<p>The incidence and mortality of breast cancer continues to rise rapidly in Asian countries. However, most of our current knowledge on breast cancer has been generated in Western populations. As the socio-economic profile, life style and culture of Asian and Western women are substantially different, and genetic backgrounds vary to some extent, we need to answer the question on whether to 'adopt' or 'adapt' Western knowledge before applying it in the Asian setting.</p><p>It is generally accepted that breast cancer risk factors, which have mainly been studied in Western populations are similar worldwide. However, the presence of gene-environment or gene-gene interactions may alter their importance as causal factors across populations. Diagnostic and prognostic study findings, including breast cancer prediction rules, are increasingly shown to be 'setting specific' and must therefore be validated in Asian women before implementing them in clinical care in Asia. Interventional research findings from Caucasian patients may not be applicable in patients in Asia due to differences in tumour biology/profiles, metabolism of drugs and also health beliefs which can influence treatment acceptance and adherence. While breast cancer research in Asia is warranted in all domains of medical research, it is felt that for Asian breast cancer patients, needs are highest for diagnostic and prognostic studies. International clinical trials meanwhile need to include breast cancer patients from various Asian settings to provide an insight into the effectiveness of new treatment modalities in this part of the world. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
Brain metastases in Asian HER2-positive breast cancer patients: Anti-HER2 treatments and their impact on survival
No full text10.1038/bjc.2012.346British Journal of Cancer10771075-1082BJCA
Conflicts within the established church in Warwickshire c. 1603-1642
No full textThis thesis examines the established church in Warwickshire from the
accession of James I to the outbreak of the English civil war. Its
principal aim is to assess the impact of the ecclesiastical policies
of Charles I, which have been the subject of considerable debate
between historians in recent years.
The thesis argues that significant changes occurred in the local
church during the 1630s. These were broadly in line with the
policies of Archbishop William Laud, who sought to promote an
institutional and sacramental style of worship, and to suppress the
activity of Protestant nonconformists. In Warwickshire, these
policies led to the promotion of ceremonial religion and the
renovation and redecoration of parish churches. There was also an
increase in the prosecution of Puritans in the church courts.
However, the success of these policies was limited by various
factors: the attitudes of the local bishops, the practical problems
of enforcing discipline, and the resilience of the Puritan community.
The thesis examines the impact of Laud's policies on the county as a
whole, and on particular groups within the local church. It also
presents case-studies of religion in the towns of Coventry and
Stratford-upon-Avon. The thesis concludes that the ecclesiastical
policies of the 1630s were largely counter-productive: they provoked
the hostility of local Puritans, but failed to curb their activities.
The experience of "Laudianism" also encouraged demands for thorough
reform in the established church, which were translated into support
for parliament at the beginning of the civil war
