1,721,022 research outputs found
Consumption of marine bivalves and arsenic pollution : the risk associated with two edible species in Martinique
No full textEn Martinique, certaines espèces de bivalves, faciles à prélever, sont pêchées pour la consommation dans les mangroves et sur les plages. De part leur distribution et leur mode de vie, ces espèces sont hautement bio-accumulatrices de polluants. Ainsi, ces pêcheries considérées à priori, comme localisées par certains auteurs, fournissent des ressources alimentaires potentiellement contaminées par les xénobiotiques. Pourtant, il n’existe que peu de données sur leur importance et leurs caractéristiques et les stocks de bivalves n'ont pas fait l'objet de nombreuses évaluations et bilans sanitaires. De plus, depuis 2011, des radeaux de sargasses flottantes s’échouent de plus de plus fréquemment sur les rivages et provoquent lors de leur décomposition, une forte mortalité au sein des biocénoses. Ces algues sargasses sont connues pour leur capacité à accumuler une grande quantité de métaux dans leurs tissus. Le relargeage de ces substances et en particulier de l’arsenic par désorption ou lors de leur décomposition constitue un risque de contamination pour les biocénoses côtières mais aussi pour les consommateurs de bivalves. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, l’importance et les caractéristiques des pêcheries ainsi que des principales espèces péchées ont été décrites. L’impact des échouages sur une population de bivalves a été esquissé et l’état de contamination des bivalves a mis en évidence la présence d’une contamination importante par quelques métaux mais surtout par l’arsenic. L’exposition des consommateurs de bivalves à ces métaux a été estimée. Ces résultats révèlent une exposition des consommateurs car l’apport quotidien variait de 1,6 mg.jour-1 à 6 mg. jour-1 pour un repas de 240 g de bivalves. L’arsenic ayant des espèces chimiques très toxiques, dont les proportions dans la chair des bivalves pourraient augmenter dans le contexte des échouages de sargasses, la consommation de ces bivalves doit être limitée et éloignée des périodes d’échouages de sargasses. Dans le but de préserver la santé des consommateurs, des doses de référence pour toutes les espèces d’arsenic présentes dans la chair de ces bivalves sont proposées et discutées.In Martinique, some coastal species bivalves are harvested in mangrove swamps and beaches for consumption. Due to their habitat distribution and their life habits, these species are highly bio-accumulators of pollutants. Thus, these fisheries considered a priori, as localized by some authors, provide food resources potentially contaminated by pollutants. However, there is little data on the importance and characteristics of these fisheries; the quantitative assessment of the stock and the health status of the bivalves being unknown. In addition, since 2011, floating clumps of sargassum are more frequent and therefore lead to increased mortality in coastal biocenosis. These Sargassum algae are known for their ability to accumulate a large amount of metals in their tissues. The released of these substances and in particular arsenic by desorption or by decomposing algal biomass constitute a risk of contamination for coastal biocenoses but also for consumers of bivalves.In this thesis, the importance and characteristics of fisheries as well as of the main species caught were described. The impact of strandings on a bivalve population has been outlined and the state of contamination of the bivalves has highlighted the presence of significant contamination by some metals but especially by arsenic. The exposure of bivalve consumers to these metals has been estimated. These results reveal consumer exposure as the daily intake ranged from 1.6 mg.day-1 to 6 mg. day-1 for a meal of 240 g of bivalves. As arsenic has very toxic chemical species, the proportions of which in the flesh of bivalves could increase in the context of sargassum strandings, the consumption of these bivalves must be limited and away from periods of sargassum stranding. In order to preserve the health of consumers, toxicologic reference doses for all arsenic species present in the flesh of these bivalves are proposed and discusse
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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