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Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Euphylliidae): a new species of reef coral from Indonesia
No full textTurak, Emre, Devantier, Lyndon, Erdmann, Mark (2012): Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Euphylliidae): a new species of reef coral from Indonesia. Zootaxa 3422: 52-61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21518
Euphylliidae Milne Edwards 1857
No full textFamily: Euphylliidae Milne Edwards, 1857 Colonies are phaceloid, meandroid or flabello-meandroid, with large, solid and widely spaced septo-costae which have little or no ornamentation. Corallite walls have a similar structure. All species are zooxanthellate.Published as part of Turak, Emre, Devantier, Lyndon & Erdmann, Mark, 2012, Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Euphylliidae): a new species of reef coral from Indonesia, pp. 52-61 in Zootaxa 3422 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21518
Astreopora De Blainville 1830
No full textGenus Astreopora De Blainville, 1830 Colony massive, encrusting, plating or ramose. Axial corallite rarely present. Columella absent, but pseudo-columella, formed by trabecular extensions of the septa, may be present. Coenosteum reticular, formed by outwardly inclined trabeculae, with spinose surface. Dissepiments tabular. Occurrence: Upper Cretaceous to Recent; Europe, Caribbean and Indo-Pacific.Published as part of Wallace, Carden C., Turak, Emre & DeVantier, Lyndon, 2011, Novel characters in a conservative coral genus: three new species of Astreopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) from West Papua, pp. 1905-1924 in Journal of Natural History 45 (31 - 32) on page 1909, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.573098, http://zenodo.org/record/465244
Acroporidae Verrill 1901
No full textFamily ACROPORIDAE Verrill, 1901 Massive or ramose colonies by extratentacular budding; corallites small, synapticulothecate, pseudo-costate, slightly differentiated from coenosteum. Septa non-exert, in two cycles, formed by simple spiniform trabeculae projecting inward and upward from vertical mural trabeculae, commonly fusing to form laminae. Columella absent or trabecular and weak. Dissepiments thin and tabular when developed. Coenosteum extensive, light reticulate, flaky, generally spinose or striate on surface. Polyps hermaphrodite with internal or external fertilization followed by internal or external larval development respectively. Occurrence: Upper Cretaceous to Recent.Published as part of Wallace, Carden C., Turak, Emre & DeVantier, Lyndon, 2011, Novel characters in a conservative coral genus: three new species of Astreopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) from West Papua, pp. 1905-1924 in Journal of Natural History 45 (31 - 32) on page 1909, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.573098, http://zenodo.org/record/465244
FIGURE 2 in Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Euphylliidae): a new species of reef coral from Indonesia
No full textFIGURE 2. Corallite budding and new branch formation in Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. a—Corallite elongates and two opposing primary septa on the narrow axis begin to fuse. b—The corallite begins to pinch along the long axis and the upper wall begins to overgrow along the middle of the short axis. c—Walls on the opposing ends fuse forming two daughter corallites. d—Corallites grow apart. e—New independent corallites form new branches. f—Rarely a triple division may occur, which leads to triple branching. Scale—all images 1cm wide. Photos by E. Turak.Published as part of Turak, Emre, Devantier, Lyndon & Erdmann, Mark, 2012, Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Euphylliidae): a new species of reef coral from Indonesia, pp. 52-61 in Zootaxa 3422 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21518
Fig. 1 in Ninh Hai waters (south Vietnam): a hotspot of reef corals in the western South China Sea
No full textFig. 1. Sites for inventory of reef building scleratinian corals (• in 2003 & 2004 and * in 2011 & 2012), and reef distribution in the Ninh Hai coastal watersPublished as part of Vo, Si Tuan, DeVantier, Lyndon, Tuyen, Hua Thai & Hoang, Phan Kim, 2014, Ninh Hai waters (south Vietnam): a hotspot of reef corals in the western South China Sea, pp. 513-520 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on page 514, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535434
Novel characters in a conservative coral genus: three new species of<i>Astreopora</i>(Scleractinia: Acroporidae) from West Papua
No full textFigure 4. Astreopora acroporina sp. nov. Holotype (A–C) MTQ G60692; (D, E) MTQ G60691; (A) Whole corallum; (B) branch tip showing axial and radial corallites; (C) group of branches; (D) scanning electron micrograph (SEM) showing coenosteal spinules; (E) SEM showing axial corallite. Scale bars: A, C: 10 mm; B, D: 1 mm; E: 500 µm.Published as part of Wallace, Carden C., Turak, Emre & DeVantier, Lyndon, 2011, Novel characters in a conservative coral genus: three new species of Astreopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) from West Papua, pp. 1905-1924 in Journal of Natural History 45 (31-32) on page 1913, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.573098, http://zenodo.org/record/465244
Euphyllia baliensis Turak, Devantier & Erdmann, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textEuphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Figures 1–3, Tables 1–2) Material examined. Holotype. MZB CC 1520, Padang Bai, Bali, Indonesia, 08° 31 ’ S, 115 ° 34 ’ E, depth 37 m, coll. M.V. Erdmann, 02/05/ 2011. The holotype consists of a branched piece of a colony of 57 mm total length. Paratypes. Four at the Indonesian Institute of Sciences' Research Centre for Biology (MZB), Cibinong, Java, Indonesia: 1 — MZB CC 1516, 2 — MZB CC 1517, 5 — MZB CC 1518, 10 — MZB CC 1519, three at MTQ: 4 — G 65034, 8— G 65035, 9— G 65036, one at the Natural History Museum, London, UK: 6 – NHMUK 2011.458 and one at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA: 7 – USNM 1156955. All paratypes from same location, depth and date as holotype, coll. Emre Turak. Paratypes resemble holotype, ranging in total length from 39 to 79mm. An additional six specimens are also lodged with MTQ, as G 65037, G 65038, G 65039, G 65040, G 65041, G 65042. Diagnosis. In the field this species is recognizable as a diminutive type of ‘bubble coral’, growing as low cushions covered by compacted, extended, brown-green coloured fleshy polyps of characteristic ‘anchor – glove’ shaped Euphyllia form. Polyps do not readily retract, but when persistently disturbed will partially retreat in to small calices, revealing thin and delicate branches, usually less than 10cm tall. Branching is mostly in the form of bifurcation. Corallites are small, around 3mm diameter, round and become elongate as they mature to pre-division stage. Septa are not numerous—averaging around 16, in 2–3 cycles and do not extend noticeably beyond the corallite wall rim. Description. Corallum. Colonies are phaceloid, formed by repeated, dichotomous branching (Fig. 1 a, Fig. 2), and exhibit indeterminate growth. Mature colonies typically cover an area ranging from ca 200cm 2 to> 1000cm 2, becoming larger monospecific ‘beds’. Branches are sub-circular and, in the material examined, range from 39–79mm in total length and 2.5– 5mm in diameter, being widest just prior to bifurcation, with new branchlets (up to 4 bifurcations per branch) occurring at 5–25mm intervals along the growth axis (Table 2, Fig. 1 a,i). Branches typically end in a single or pair of corallites, the latter ranging from 2–7mm apart on their proximal sides (Fig. 1 a,g,i). These corallite pairs are typically 6–12mm from adjacent corallite pairs, giving a compacted appearance to tops of colonies (Fig. 3 a,c). Branch extension and colony growth occur via intra-tentacular budding of corallites, initiated by the fusion of one opposing pair of first cycle septa (Fig. 2). This typically results in formation of two daughter corallites, rarely three. The frequency of branching, the distance between branches and branch diameters are relatively uniform within colonies. Colonies are only lightly calcified and very fragile. Corallites. Corallites are sub-circular, with non-budding corallites averaging 3.1mm diameter and ranging from 2 –4.1mm, with very thin walls (Table 2, Fig. 1 b–f). Corallites become more elongate prior to budding (Fig. 1 e), with minimum and maximum dimensions of 2.8mm and 7.1mm. Septa are widely spaced, of two to three cycles, with the first cycle extending inwards for 2 / 3 or more of the calice radius (R) before either fusing or plunging vertically or near-vertically to the calice centre. The second cycle typically extends from 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 R and the weakly developed third cycle to 1 / 5 R (Fig. 1 b–f). Inner septal margins are straight to slightly wavy or twisted (Fig. 1 f). Septa are smooth to very finely serrated and wavy on their upper margins, with smooth or fine and sparsely granulated sides, and first and second cycles are level with, or extend only slightly ( 18) tubular tentacles extended during the day, protruding for 3–7mm above calices, producing a dense, fleshy cover partly or completely obscuring the polyp mouths and the underlying phaceloid colony form. Tentacles are dull to dark translucent brown with lime green bases. Tentacles are ‘anchor’, ‘kidney’ or ‘hammer’ shaped at their tips, occasionally with additional smaller bulbous protuberances, the latter resembling ‘mittens’ or ‘gloves’ (Fig. 3 a–c). Habitat and distribution. This species is currently only known from the type locality of Padang Bai in east Bali, Indonesia. The authors have conducted extensive reef surveys around eastern Indonesia (including 47 other sites in a circumnavigation of the islands of Bali, Nusa Penida and small adjacent islands) but have never recorded this species previously; as such, it may currently be considered to have a very restricted range. It was observed and collected in depths of 27–37 m on a moderate slope exposed to strong currents and frequent cool-water upwellings. The new species occurs there in extensive beds interspersed among the calcareous green alga Halimeda, hydroids, alcyonacean soft corals Dendronephthya sp., and a variety of other deeper water reef corals. Affinities. The phaceloid corallum morphology is shared with seven other extant members of its genus, although in the present species, the diminutive size of branches and corallites is highly distinctive. Polyp form is most similar to Euphyllia paraancora and to a lesser extent E. ancora, although the occasional occurrence of ‘mitten – glove’ like tentacle tips is also reminiscent of E. divisa and E. yaeyamaensis. Again the relatively very small sizes of polyps and tentacles are distinct. Remarks. Corallum bases and branches are heavily encrusted by epibenthos, particularly sponges (Fig. 3 d), such as chalinids and others (Lori Colin, pers. comm.), which may aid in maintaining the structural coherence of colonies in situ. Although depth of the known habitat (> 25m) precludes physical impact by wave energy, nest building by Titan Triggerfish Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and other biogenic forms of physical disturbance may promote colony fragmentation; with subsequent localized dispersal assisted by episodically strong current flow. Etymology. Named for the type locality of Bali, Indonesia.Published as part of Turak, Emre, Devantier, Lyndon & Erdmann, Mark, 2012, Euphyllia baliensis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Euphylliidae): a new species of reef coral from Indonesia, pp. 52-61 in Zootaxa 3422 on pages 55-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21518
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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