1,721,156 research outputs found
A Differential Game Model for Optimal Management of Wolf-Livestock Conflict
No full textSince the early 1990s, the reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rocky Mountain region has created a discourse between livestock ranchers and wolf conservationists. Wolf predation of livestock is known to increase costs for ranchers, but conservationists maintain the ecological benefits of wolf reintroduction outweigh these adverse costs to ranchers. Given these conflicting objectives, we study the interaction between ranchers and conservationists in a differential game setting to determine an optimal wolf–livestock conflict management policy in the Northern Rocky Mountain region. The use of differential games allows the optimal strategy to take into account (i) the interaction of conservationists and ranchers and (ii) the influence of this interaction on the population of livestock and wolves. To our knowledge, this approach is novel in the study of wolf (and other endangered species) management as other studies do not consider how the give–and–take relationship between ranchers and conservationists influences wolf–livestock conflict management policies.
Utilizing up–to–date data from federal and state agencies, including wolf hunting and predation, and the model is numerically solved. We obtain optimal solutions of the livestock population, wolf population, number of livestock attacked, and number of wolves hunted over time, which closely match the magnitude and trajectories of the data. In particular, we find optimal hunting effort by ranchers consistently increases throughout the differential game while optimal wolf protection measures by conservationists follows a parabolic path by decreasing in the first portion of the game and increasing in the second portion. These results help to provide policy implications to determine an optimal strategy that balances the damages caused by wolf predation of livestock with the environmental benefits of wolves.Embargo status: Restricted until 06/2030. To request the author grant access, click on the PDF link to the left
Political Economy and Welfare Implications of the U.S.-Mexican Tomato Agreement
No full textThe goals of this thesis are to a) illustrate the effects of the tomato agreement for the United States, Mexico, and Canada, b) examine the political economy elements of this dispute, and c) show the welfare implications of the agreement.
Chapter two provides extensive details of the agreement along with a graphical analysis where each nation is considered a large country and has the ability to affect the regional price.
Chapter three builds upon the ""Trade Talk"" model of Grossman and Helpman (1995) to develop a theoretical model which treats the minimum price for imported tomatoes from Mexico as a negotiated settlement between the United States and Mexico.
Chapter four conducts a welfare analysis of the 2013 Suspension Agreement in comparison to free trade and calculates the change in producer surplus and consumer surplus. The model allows for substitution among tomato categories in response to price changes.Thesis (M.S., Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology (Applied Economics)) -- University of Idaho, 201
The effects of domestic and trade policy interventions on global agricultural trade
No full textIntransigency among developed and developing countries to compromise created deadlock in the 2001 Doha Round negotiations, which sought to reduce or eliminate trade-distortive policies–domestic subsidies, export subsidies, and import tariffs. Because of the impasse in the negotiations, many countries continue to heavily subsidize their agricultural production and maintain high import tariffs that persist in the world market. This study theoretically and empirically quantifies the benefits of completing a global free trade agreement. To capture the differences between developed and developing countries, the theoretical 2 x 2 x 2 model is based on Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin comparative advantage. The empirical model is expanded using the Global Trade Analysis Project, a large-scale computable general equilibrium model, to 56 countries and regions, 22 sectors, and 4 factors of production. The empirical results show that a global free trade agreement is beneficial to the entire world. As policies (particularly domestic supports and import tariffs) are removed, production and consumption of commodities adjust to reflect their natural comparative advantage patterns. As a result, production, consumption, exports, imports, and welfare increase when the policies are removed. This indicates the benefits and urgency of completing a global free trade agreement.Restricted until 06/2027. To request the author grant access, click on the PDF link to the left
A Game Theoretical Analysis of the U.S.-Mexican Suspension Agreement
No full textThe goals of this thesis are to a) develop a graphical and mathematical analysis of the welfare effects of the Suspension Agreement for the United States and Mexico, b) create a game representation the U.S.-Mexican tomato dispute, c) develop a mathematical model depicting a particular Nash equilibrium of the game, and d) derive the sustainability conditions for cooperative trade agreements in politically varying environments. Chapter two displays the effects on producer and consumer surplus for the United States and Mexico from the Suspension agreement, as well as the statics of these two components. Chapter three develops an extensive form representation of the game revealing the subgame-perfect Nash equilibria. Chapter four represents a particular equilibrium of the previous chapter in mathematical form. The effects of exogenous shocks to the model are discussed as well. Chapter five utilizes the framework provided in the previous two chapters to develop the sustainability conditions of cooperative trade agreements. The conditions are tested with and without third party mediating institutions.Thesis (M.S., Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology (Applied Economics)) -- University of Idaho, 201
Trade Policy and Productivity Analyses of Apple and Orange Juice Markets
No full textThe goals of this thesis are to a) analyze the impact of trade liberalization and productivity changes on the apple juice markets in the United States and China and b) examine the effects of tariff reduction and productivity improvements on orange juice markets in the United States, European Union, and Brazil.
Chapter 2 titled ""A Strategic Trade Analysis of U.S. and Chinese Apple Juice Market"", examines the effects of a change in the U.S. tariff and Chinese productivity on the apple juice market in the United States and China. Because of high competition from Chinese apple juice processors, the United States imposed an anti-dumping duty on apple juice imports from China to protect the domestic processors. This trade policy benefited U.S. processors, but negatively impacted Chinese processors as well as consumers in the United States. Because of the economic reforms, foreign direct investment, and technological spillover, Chinese apple processors have increased their productivity. Under oligopolistic competition with endogenous firm entry and exit, this chapter analyzes how the changes in U.S. tariff policy and Chinese productivity impact the market structure in the United States and China and prices, quantities, and U.S. and Chinese welfare. Trade liberalization and an increase in Chinese productivity help U.S. consumers and Chinese processors. However, U.S. tariff removal adversely affects U.S. apple juice processors.
Chapter 3 titled ""Analysis of Trade Liberalization and Productivity Changes in the Orange Juice Market"", analyzes the oligopolistic competition of Florida and Sao Paulo orange juice processors. Orange juice processors in Florida face stiff competition from S�o Paulo processors. The United States imposes a specific import tariff to protect the domestic processors, whereas the European Union imposes an ad valorem tariff on orange juice imports. These trade policies benefit Florida processors, but harm S�o Paulo processors as well as consumers in the United States and the European Union. Under oligopolistic competition with endogenous firm entry and exit, this chapter analyzes how the changes in tariff policy and productivity impact the market structure in Florida and S�o Paulo and prices, quantities, and welfare in the United States, Brazil, and the European Union. Free trade and an increase in S�o Paulo productivity help consumers and S�o Paulo processors. In contrast, U.S. tariff reduction adversely impacts Florida processors.Thesis (M.S., Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology (Applied Economics))--University of Idaho, June 201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Essays on Monetary Policy and Income Inequality
No full textOver the past decades, income inequality has increased for a number of reasons, attracting the focus and attention of researchers in academia and industry. Many economists and political analysts have examined this dilemma from different views and criticized the performance of monetary and fiscal policies in being the root of this problem. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how monetary policy affects income inequality at the global level by developed and developing countries, and also in the U.S. economy. In order to achieve this goal, this dissertation consists of three individual essays that take different points of view on this topic and use advanced methods in time series analysis. The first essay analyzes the relationship between inflation and income inequality in developed and developing countries. The second essay explores the impact of sector growth and monetary policy on income inequality in developing countries. The third essay examines the impact of monetary policy shocks on various measures of inequality for the periods before and after Quantitative Easing (QE) policy in the U.S. economy. The first essay finds a nonlinear relationship between inflation and income inequality in developed and developing countries, and Kuznets inverted ‘U-shaped’ hypothesis between real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and income inequality in developing countries. The second essay shows a dominant negative effect of agricultural and industrial growth and positive effect of service growth on income inequality in developing countries. Kuznets hypothesis is tested in different economic sectors. The third essay shows a negative and positive effect of expansionary monetary policy shocks on various measures of inequality for the period before and after QE policy, respectively, in the U.S. economy.Embargo status: Restricted to TTU community only. To view, login with your eRaider (top right). Others may request the author grant access exception by clicking on the PDF link to the left
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