1,720,956 research outputs found
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in cultured shrimp in Malaysia
Get PDFAcute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is caused by a unique strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND) containing a highly pathogenic ~69 kbp (pVA1) plasmid encoding homologous of the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) binary toxins, PirAvp and PirBvp. This plasmid is self-transmissible and has also been found in Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio punensis and Vibrio owensii. The Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon are the species susceptible to AHPND. Nevertheless, there is an increase in the cultivation of P. monodon in Malaysia, indicating that the species might have shown better survival to AHPND. Therefore, early detection and genome studies of the VpAHPND are essential to control the spread of the disease and to understand the biodiversity of the strain in farmed penaeid shrimp. The VpAHPND has also been discovered carrying the tetracycline resistance (tetB) gene. There is lack of information about the presence of tetracycline resistant VpAHPND in Malaysian aquaculture. Moreover, the available AHPND polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods detect up to only two genes and thus is unable to confirm the VpAHPND and tetB gene in a single PCR reaction. The present work was conducted to isolate and identify the VpAHPND from the cultured penaeid shrimp and subsequently used to evaluate the tolerance of a commercially available Madagascar-Malaysia crossbred P. monodon and to develop an improved rapid detection method for AHPND. An AHPND infected farm culturing crossbred P. monodon was sampled for the isolation of VpAHPND. The isolate was subsequently used to challenge the healthy crossbred P. monodon via immersion and per os (feeding) treatments. Following that, a 5-plex PCR method was optimized for the detection of pirAvp, pirBvp, thermolabile hemolysin (tlh), transmembrane regulatory protein (toxR) or tetB and 16S ribosomal RNA (16s rRNA) genes. The 5-plex PCR method was evaluated using VpAHPND and Vibrio isolates obtained from the crossbred P. monodon and farmed P. vannamei respectively followed by sensitivity and specificity tests. All VpAHPND were then analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility to six types of antibiotics. Following that, the VpAHPND isolated from the crossbred P. monodon and farmed P. vannamei were sequenced for draft genome comparison. Three VpAHPND were succesfully isolated from the AHPND infected farmed crossbred P. monodon. The laboratory challenge of the healthy crossbred P. monodon satisfied the Koch’s Postulates. Nevertheless, challenged shrimp failed to show AHPND gross clinical signs within 48 h post infection (p.i.). The histopathology analysis of shrimp challenged by immersion showed severe necrosis of the hepatopancreas (HP) cells within 24 h p.i. However, the shrimp challenged by immersion and per os treatments showed higher survival of 66.7 % and 53.3 % respectively over a longer duration of 10 days p.i. During the evaluation of 5-plex PCR method, five tetracycline resistant VpAHPND were detected and isolated from the farmed P. vannamei. The sensitivity and specificity tests of the 5-plex PCR, showed that the method allows rapid, sensitive (10 pg/μL), specific and reliable detection of VpAHPND or tetracycline resistant VpAHPND. The VpAHPND isolated from both farmed penaeid shrimp were resistant to bacitracin, vancomycin and streptomycin. Furthermore, the draft genome analysis confirmed that the VpAHPND strains contained a pVA1-like plasmid encoding the pirAvp and pirBvp genes as well as several antibiotic resistance genes. The isolated VpAHPND strains also displayed > 98% similarity to VpAHPND originating from Thailand, Mexico and Vietnam. In conclusion, this study has successfully isolated, identified and sequenced multiple antibiotics resistant VpAHPND from the crossbred P. monodon and farmed P. vannamei. The study also illustrated that the crossbred P. monodon has longer survivability and tolerance to AHPND for 10 days p.i. In addition, a new and improved 5-plex PCR method has been successfully develop for rapid identification of the VpAHPND and tetracycline resistant VpAHPND in a single PCR reaction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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